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The
Jfonbon HENRY FROWDE
Oxford University Press Warbhousk Ahbh Corner, £.C
The
Translated
By Various Oriental Scholars
And Edited by
F. Max Moller
Vol. Xxxvii
[ All rights teserved ]
^uG^Gl^92
' I -c-; • < '
J zix^ r'- .
Oxford
Printed At the Clarendon Press
BY HOItACB KA&T, FRINTBR TO THB UNIVfiRSITY
Pahlavi Texts
Translated by
E. W. West
Part Iv
Contents of the Nasks
[j4li rights reserved]
PAt.K
Introduction xxix
Abbreviations used in this volume xlix
CONTENTS OF THE NASKS. DtsKARD, Book VIII.
CHAP.
1. Classification, names, and divisions of the Nasks . 3
2. SiWkar Nask 10
3. Var^tminsar Nask 12
4. Bak5 Nask 13
5. DamdSi/Nask 13
6. Na^ar Nask: only the Avesta extant . . .15
7. Togzg Nask : meat-offering, preparations, and priests for
season-festivals ; (§ 10) periods of day and year, fra-
var^ik^n days; gathering herbs, chastisement of sinners,
33 chieftainships, apostasy ; (§ 20) almsgiving, summer
and winter, calamity of a century, months . . • 1 5
8. Ra^d^-aftag Nask 19
9. Barir Nask: good and evil; advantages and disadvan-
tages of the period 20
10. Ka^kfsrdbd Nask 23
11. Virtdsp-s&std Nask: particulars about Kat-Vi^tfisp, visit
of the archangels to him, and his war with Ar^sp 23
12. Va^tagNask: not extant 25
13. Altrad^^ Nask: races and monarchs from Gdydmar^f to
Zaratdxt; (§ 17) the Sasanians and some leaders of religion 25
14. Spend Nask: birth and life of Zaratfixt, his vision of the
past, future, and other world; (§ 12) his posthumous sons, the future apostles 31
15. Bakan-yart Nask: worship of the sacred beings and
duties of the worshippers 34
VIU CONTENTS.
Chap. Pack
1 6. Patk&r-rsuAst&n section of the Nik&^m Nask: misery
from sin and assault, kinds of assault and magisterial
enquiry; (§ 13) punishment without enquiry, counter-
assault 35
17. Zatamistdn section of the same: assault and its conse-
quences, begging and beneficence, perversion, using
weapons ; conflict through assault, tumult, false-teach-
ing, starving, spells, and threats, by men, women, and
children ; ill-treatment of slaves, compensation the only
atonement, responsibility of fathers for crimes of chil-
dren 39
18. R^shistdn section of the same: kinds of wounds, scourg-
ing, 76 members of the body, effects of assaults, modes
of assaulting, description of a wound and the weapon,
curing wounds 41
19. Ham6mdlist&n section of the same: various accusations,
true and false, and retribution for the offences ; pollu- tion, a young woman well taught, slander, care of a pregnant woman, a householder neglecting his family, opinions of quiet and unquiet people; (§ 10) cowardice, impenitence, sin of priests, retribution, authority of priests, punishment of judges, illegal action of plaintiff, seizing purity of foreigners, those worthy of death, confession; (§ 21) assault with a weapon, curing a wounded person who afterwards dies, security taken from defendant, procrastination by plaintiff, mediation, assaults furious and harmless, punishment of a child for sin, interpretation, signs of approval by the dying ; (§ 31) undefined assault, killing a foreigner, great hinderers, indiscriminate assault, a frontier governor, striking the living and dead, timber and firewood, atonement and ordeals, physicians, mutilating a horse ; (§ 41) a wound as evidence of crime, modes of using a weapon, assault and retribution, incarceration, pulling a steed's tail, threats and spells, various plaints and plaintiffs, pleadings inconsistent with accusations; (§ 50) master unfriendly to disciple, arresting and prosecuting a thief, the good to be treated like oneself, when carrying off property becomes theft, native and foreign thieves, why the foreigner is unfettered, assail-
Contents. Ix
CHAr. PAGE
ants to be restrained, renunciation of sin, avoiding one worthy of death; (§ 60) informing about a righteous man, giving weapons to generals and governors, execu- tion and reprieve of one worthy of death, witchcraft . 43 20. Fifth section of the same : an armed man riding to attack another, overhearing talk of murder or robbery, how to act when a companion murders, saving one worthy of death for medical purposes, legal argument unnecessary only when the judge is a supreme priest, unauthorised combatants, travellers' supplies, penalties; (§ 10) power and good works of the worthy, weakness and sin of the unworthy, how to conduct legal proceedings, a wife can do so for her husband, particulars about ordeals, measures of distance ; (§ 20) litigation as to a costly article, annulling decisions by appeal or ordeal, litigation of three claimants, selling another's property, disputing, litigation of Iranians with foreigners or slaves, a noisy plaintiff, a high-priest, a wife unfit for evidence ; (§ 30) a pledge, property of partners, or held without evidence of ownership, ordeal of excessive eating, dispute as to a stolen female, property of any one given by another to a third party without dispute, a master teaching his disciple not to litigate, dispute about alms, a successful triple ordeal, spells and threats ; (§ 40) ordeals, a thief liberated to attend a ceremonial, a priest's personal property and its inheritance, residuary wealth of fathers, penalty for stealing cattle, three plaintiffs, three claim- ants, and three thieves; (§ 50) imprisoning a native for theft; duration, order, hardship, and stratajgems of legal proceedings ; ordeals, benedictions on decisions, evidence, ownership; (§ 60) certainty of statements, incrimination, treatment of apostates, origins of virtue and vice, harm of unatoned sin, TanipOhar sin, atone- ment and ordeal, witnessing a theft, decisions according to scripture or precedent ; (§ 70) when men and beasts can be sold with a warranty, an exceptional decision, appointment and qualification of judges, legal pro- ceedings producing injustice, litigating thieves con- victed, offences as to property, isolation ; (§ 80) dispute about property resigned by a third party, disputing
Chap. Pagr
' fathers' debts, when women and children can be con- demned for spells, lowest and highest values, stealing one's own property, false and true investigation, litiga- tion of man and wife, who gives away the daughter of a dead father ; (§ 90) estranging a wife from her hus- band, bartering girl for girl, consequent injury to one's own wife, overpayment for wife recoverable, sin of keeping a marriageable daughter unmarried, a wife can be given only to a Mas^a-worshipper, mortal sin of giving no food, chastising a wizard, longest and shortest days and parasangs; (§ loi) work and food of an injured beast, manslaughter by a sheep, period from certainty to doubt, useless witnesses and unjust judges, harm of gifts to the unworthy, gifts and righteous gifts; (§ no) crime of not maintaining families under one's control, punishment and atone- ment for sin and assault, all prosperity given to ZaratOxt and his disciples, an isolated creature, keeping and breaking promises ; sin and punishment of strife, in- sincerity, and slander; hostages and ransom; (§ 121) sin of a governor, ransom of thieves, stolen article tied to the thiefs neck, no atonement for theft without con- fession, stolen property to be recovered by authorities, sin of giving a woman to one when engaged to an- other, cheating an ignorant man, interceding for him, fitness for sovereignty; (§ 130) indisputable ordi- nances, enquiry after confession, squandering alms, delay of legal proceedings, a woman without a guar- dian, written statements in law, sin of frightening away, restoring what was extorted, minor decisions obvious from greater ones, benefit of a family; (§ 140) sin of wealth from unnatural intercourse, a decree of three kinds, a stolen tree, a sin aggravated by deceit, defile- ment, stopping a combat, counter-assaults, no property for one worthy of death, abettors of sin; (§ 150) harm of an incompetent president, sin of deciding by origin of claimant, sin of delivering an Irinian to a foreigner; gifts of the righteous, controversy with apostates, ne- cessity for maintaining the truth, sin of occasioning schism, injustice produced by the evil spirit, complaint
Contents. Xi
Chat. Tmol
of aristocrats condemned for taking bribes, the just judge ; (§ 1 60) possibility of reaching heaven, true and false justice, learning the G&thas, H&iftkht, and Vaxtag ; greatness of the law, kinds of property not to be taken as security, ten friends differing, and much other ad- judication 53
21. First section of the GanabA-sar-n^^a^/ Nask : the thief, his
arrest, sin, punishment, and ransom, pinioning and
fettering, imprisonment at expense of privileged
accusers; kinds of theft, theft with plunder, injury,
and in confederacy ; shares in theft, assisting a thief,
theft by women and children, property to be pre-
served from thieves; (§ 10) testimony of thieves,
rewards, difference of theft and plunder, property to
be restored to its owners, protectors of thieves , •74
22. Second section of the same is miscellaneous: authority
for enquiry into sin of a relative, teaching and sin of
children, not killing in war, property of a slain soldier,
weapons not for women, children, or foreigners ; a
woman's treatment of two men, supplies found by
a warrior, property inexpedient, delays of a judge ;
(§ 10) improper decisions, duties of judges; (§21) fit-
ness of women and children for judgeship, aiding a
disciple, supremacy of Rashnfi, property in trust, con-
sistency of actions^ congregational actions, misuse of
the law 77
23. Pasdr-ha^rvastdn section of the same: selection and
efficiency of the shepherd's dog, preparations for him,
his duties ; (§12) characteristics of sheep, way to the
village, when starved the dog may kiU a sheep, stray
sheep and dogs; treatment, punishment, instruction,
and peculiarities of the dog 81
24. Stdristdn section of the same: sin of injuring cattle,
beasts, and sheep; branding, making a dog dumb,
plucking birds, spoiling fish, beating cattle, leathern
and woollen clothing, sin of burning it, good works
lead to heaven, and sin to hell 84
25. Ar^stan section of the same: value of property, animate
and inanimate, and of preserving the righteous; damaging the sacred fire . . . .86
Xll CONTENTS.
Chap. Pacs
26. Arat6jt&ristin section of the same : destroying wolves,
two-legged and four-legged; supplies, equipments,
and horses for warriors ; training of horses, efficacy
of warriors, sin of a warrior's village on account of
a battle, armour, officers and troopers, number of
troopers; (§ 10) supplies for two warriors, medicinal
herbs and accoutrements, feeding warriors on day of
battle, wealth of the enemy, friendship and devotion
of warriors, the general and his strategy, requisite
horses to be seized, sentinels ; (§ 20) demonstrations,
altercation with enemy, speech to troops, conciliating
and encouraging them, religious rites before the battle,
reserves who keep the stores and prisoners, refreshment
and return of stores after the battle . • .86
