' This mode of accounting for the varying position of sunrise and sunset resembles that in the Book of Enoch, LNXI, but only six eastern and six western gates of heaven are there mentioned, and the sun changes its gates of entrance and exit only once a month, instead of daily.
* See § 9 and Chap. NI.
* The reading of this word is doubtful, although its meaning is tolerably clear. The Piz. MSS. read har do, ‘ both ;’ Justi reads ardab, ‘ quarrel ;’ and in the Selections of Zad-sparam it is written ardik. It scems probable that the word is kharah, ‘ attack,’ which being written exactly like ardé (Av. ashya, see Yas. IL.VI, 1, 1) has had a circumflex added to indicate the supposed d, and this false reading has led to the more modern form ardik (Pers. ard, anger’). But probabilities in obscure matters are often treacherous guides.
* Reading amat, ‘when,’ instead of mtn, ‘ which,’ throughout the sentence (see note to Chap. I, 7).
24 BUNDAHIS.
——_———— ——— —— ————— ——————————————— ———— —————— eee
went forth from Varak. 7. So that when it comes
back to Varak, in three hundred and sixty days and
the five Gatha days!, it goes in azd comes: out
through one and the same aperture ; the aperture is
not mentioned, for if it had been mentioned the
demons would have known the secret, and been
able to introduce disaster.
8. From there where the sun comes on on the
longest day to where it comes on on the shortest day
is the east region Savah ; from there where it comes
on on the shortest day to where it goes off on the
shortest day is the direction of the south regions
Fradadafsh and Vidadafsh; from there where it goes
in on the shortest day to where it goes in on the
longest day is the west region Arzah; from there
where it comes in on the longest day to there where
it goes in on the longest day are the north regions
Voérfiibarst and Vordgarst*. 9. When the sun comes
on, it illumines (or warms) the regions of Savah,
Fradadafsh, Vidadafsh, and half of Khvaniras?*;
when it goes in on the dark side, it illumines the
regions of Arzah, Vérdbarst, Vérdgarst, ad one
half of Khvaniras; when z¢ zs day here z¢ zs night
there.
' The five supplementary days added to the last of the twelve months, of thirty days each, to complete the year. For these days no additional apertures are provided in Albfrz, and the sun appears to have the choice of either of the two centre apertures out of the 180 on each side of the world. This arrangement seems to indi- cate that the idea of the apertures is older than the rectification of the calendar which added the five Gatha days to an original year of 360 days.
* Thic sentence occurs, without the names of the késhvars or regions, in the Pahl. Vend. XIX, 19. For the ké@shvars see Chap. XI.
* Often corrupted into Khanfras in the MSS,
CHAPTER V, 7—VIl, I. 25
CuapTer VI,
1. On the conflict! of the creations of the world
with the antagonism of the evil spirit it is said in
revelation, that the evil spirit, even as he rushed in
and looked upon the pure bravery of the angels and
his own violence *, wished to rush back. 2. The
spirit of the sky is himself like one of the warriors
who has put on armour ; he arrayed the sky against
the evil spirit, and led on in the contest, until
Attharmazd had completed a rampart around,
stronger than the sky and in front of the sky.
3. And his guardian spirits (fravahar) of warriors
and the righteous, on war horses and spear in hand,
were around the sky; such-like as the hair on the
head is the similitude (Anguni-aitak) of those who
hold the watch of the rampart. 4. And no passage
was found by the evil spirit, who rushed back; and
he beheld the annihilation of the demons and his
own impotence, as Adharmazd avd his own final
triumph, producing the renovation of ¢he universe
for ever and everlasting.
CuartTer VII.
1. The second conflict was waged with the water,
because, as the star Tistar was in Cancer, the water
which is in the subdivision they call Avrak* was
1 This is the doubtful word translated ‘attack’ in Chap. V, 6 (see the note there); it also occurs at the beginning of each of the foliowing four chapters.
? Reading zérih; but it may be zarth, ‘ falsity.’
° The ninth lunar mansion (see Chap. II, 3) corresponding with the middle of Cancer. Tistar (Sirius) being in Cancer probably
26 BUNDAHIS.
pouring, on the same day when the destroyer rushed
in, avd came again into notice for mischief (Avarak)
in the direction of the west. 2. For every single
month is the owner of one constellation; the month
Tir is the fourth month! of the year, azd Cancer the
fourth constellation from Aries, so it is the owner of
Cancer, into which Tistar sprang, avd displayed the
characteristics of a producer of rain; and he brought
on the water aloft by the strength of the wind.
3. Co-operators with Tistar were Vohfiman and
the angel Hém, with the assistance of the angel
Barg and the righteous guardian spirits in orderly
arrangement.
4. Tistar was converted into three forms, the form
of a man and the form of a horse and the form of a
bull*; thirty days azd nights he was distinguished
in brilliance*, and in each form he produced rain ten
days and nights; as the astrologers say that every
constellation has three forms. 5. Every single drop
of that rain became as big as a bowl, and the water
stood the height of a man over the whole of this
earth ; avd the noxious creatures on the earth being
all killed by the rain, went into the holes of the
earth *,
means that it rises about the same time as the stars of Cancer, as is actually the case,
1 See Chap. XXV, 20.
* See Tistar Yt. 13, 16, 18, where it is stated that Tistar assumes the form of a man for the first ten nights, of a bull for the second ten nights, and of a horse for the third ten nights. Also in Vend. XIX, 126 Tistar is specially invoked in his form of a bull.
* Or it may be translated, ‘ he hovered in the light,’ as Windisch- mann and Justi have it.
* In comparing the inundation produced by Tistar with the Noachian deluge, it must be recollected that the former is repre- sented as occurring before mankind had propagated on the earth.
Chapter Vii, 2-10. 27
6. And, afterwards, the wind spirit, so that it may
not be contaminated (gimikht), stirs up the wind
and atmosphere as the life stirs in the body; and
the water was all swept away by it, and was brought
out to the borders of the earth, and the wide-formed?
ocean arose therefrom. 7. The noxious creatures
remained dead within the earth, and their venom
and stench were mingled with the earth, and in
order to carry that poison away from the earth
Tistar went down into the ocean in the form of a
white horse with long hoofs *.
8. And Apdadésh*, the demon, came meeting him
in the likeness of a black horse with clumsy (kund)
hoofs; a mile (parasang)* away from him fled
Tistar, through the fright which drove Azm away.
9. And Tistar begged for success from Atharmazd,
and Attharmazd gave Azm strength and power, as it
is said, that unto Tistar was brought at once the
strength of ten vigorous horses, ten vigorous camels,
ten vigorous bulls, ten mountains, and ten rivers ’*.
10. A mile away from him fled Apaésh, the demon,
through fright at Azs strength; on account of this
they speak of an .arrow-sho? with Tistar’s strength in
the sense of a mive.
1 The term farakhti-kard, ‘wide-formed,’ is a free Pahlavi translation of Av. vouru-kasha, ‘ wide-shored,’ or ‘ having wide abysses,’ applied to the boundless ocean (see Chap. XIII, 1).
® For the Avesta account of this expedition of Tistar, see Tistar Yt. 20-29.
* Miswritten Apavs or Apavas in Pazand, by all MSS. in this chapter, but see Chap. XXVIII, 39.
* The word parasang is here used for Av. hathra, which was about an English mile (see Chap. XXVI, 1).
° A quotation from Tistar Yt. 25.
28 BUNDAHIs.
11. Afterwards, with a cloud for a jar (khimb)—
thus they call the measure which was a means of the
work—he seized upon the water azd made it rain
most prodigiously, in drops “&e bull’s heads and
men’s heads, pouring in handfuls azd pouring in
armfuls, both great and small. 12. On the produc-
tion of that rain the demons Aspengargak! and
Apadsh contended wth zt, and the fire VAzist?
turned z¢s club over; and owing to the blow of the
club Aspengarga4k made a very grievous noise, as
even now, in a conflict with the producer of rain, a
groaning and raging*® are manifest. 13. And ten
nights and days rain was produced by him in that
manner, and the poison and venom of the noxious
creatures which were in the earth were all mixed up
‘in the water, and the water became quite salt, be-
cause there remained in the earth some of those
germs which noxious creatures ever collect.
14. Afterwards, the wind, in the same manner as
before, restrained the water, at the end of three days,
on various sides of the earth; and the three great
seas and twenty-three small seas* arose therefrom,
and two fountains (kashmak) of the sea thereby
became manifest, one the Aéfast lake, and one
the Sédvbar’, whose sources are connected with the
' Mentioned in Vend. XIX, 135, thus: ‘thou shouldst propi- tiate the fire Vazista, the smiter of the demon Spengaghra.’ It is also written Spéngargak in Chap. XVII, 1, and Aspengaréga in Chap. XXVIII, 39.
* That is, the lightning (see Chap. XVII, 1).
* Or, ‘a tumult and flashing.’ Justi has ‘ howling and shrieking;’ the two words being very ambiguous in the original.
* See Chap. XIII, 6.
® See Chap. XXII, 1-3.
Chapter Vii, Ii-Viii, 2. 29
fountain of the sea. 15. And at its north side!
two rivers flowed out, avd went one to the east and
one to the:west; they are the Arag river and the
Véh river; as it is said thus: ‘Through those finger-
breadth tricklings do thou pour avd draw forth two
such waters, O Atiharmazd!’ 16. Both those rivers
wind about through all the extremities of the earth,
and intermingle again with the water of the wide-
formed ocean. 17. As those two rivers flowed out,
and from the same place of origin as theirs, eigh-
teen? navigable rivers flowed out, and after the
other waters have flowed out from those navigable
streams they all flow back to the Arag® river and
Véh river, whose fertilization (khvapardarih) of
the world arises therefrom.
Cuapter VIII.
o. On the conflict which the evil spirit waged with
the earth.
1. As the evil spirit rushed in, the earth shook ¢,
and the substance of mountains was created in the earth. 2. First, Mount Albfrz arose; afterwards,
* Probably meaning the north side of the Arédvivstir fountain of the sea, which is said to be on the lofty Hfiigar, a portion of Albarz, from the northern side of which these two semi-mythical rivers are said to flow (see Chaps. XII, 5, XX, 1).
*'Sée' Chap. XX, 2.
* Here written Aréng, but the usual Pahlavi reading is Arag ; the nasal of the Av. Rangha being generally omitted in Pahlavi, as other nasals are sometimes; thus we often find sag for sang, ‘ stone.’
* The word gudnid is a transposition of gundid, a graphical variant of gunbfd, ‘ shook.’
30 BUNDAHIS.
the other ranges of mountains (ké6faniha) of the
middle of the earth; for as Albfirz grew forth all
the mountains remained in motion, for they have all
erown forth from the root of Albfirz. 3. At that
time they came up from the earth, like a tree which
has grown up to the clouds and z¢s root! to the
bottom; and their root passed on that way from one
to the other, azd they are arranged in mutual con-
nection. 4. Afterwards, about that wonderful shak-
ing out from the earth, they say that a great moun-
tain is the knot of lands; avd the passage for the
waters within the mountains is the root which is
below the mountains; they forsake the upper farts
so that they may flow into it, just as the roots of
trees pass into the earth; a counterpart (Angunt-
aitak) of the blood in the arteries of men, which
gives strength to the whole body. 5. In numbers?,
apart from Albfirz, all the mountains grew up out of
the earth in eighteen years*, from which avzses the
perfection * of men’s advantage.
