Thus I say. (23)
FOURTEENTH LECTURE.
One should not be pleased with nor prohibit a
reciprocal action, which relates to one's self, and
produces karman.
A mendicant should not be pleased with nor pro*
hibit it, if (he and the other) wipe or rub each other's
feet, &c.
In this way the whole Thirteenth Lecture should be repeated here.
This is the whole duty, &c.
Thus I say. (i)
End of the Second Part, called the Scveft
Lectures.
Book Ii, Lecture 15. 189
THIRD PART.
FIFTEENTH LECTURE,
THE CLAUSES l
In that period, in that age lived the Venerable
Ascetic MaMvlra, the five (most important moments
of whose life happened) when the moon was in con-
junction with the asterism Uttaraphalgun! 2 ; to wit:
In Uttaraphalgunl he descended (from heaven), and
having descended (thence), he entered the womb (of
Devinandi); in Uttaraphalgunl he was removed
from the womb (of DevinandS.) to the womb (of
Tmalcl); in Uttaraphalgunl he was born ; in Utta-
raphalgunl tearing out his hair, he left the house,
and entered the state of houselessness ; in Uttara-
phalgunl he obtained the highest knowledge and
intuition, called Kevala, which is infinite, supreme,
unobstructed, unimpeded, complete, and perfect.
But in Sv&ti the Venerable One obtained final libe-
ration 3 , (i)
When in this Avasarpi^l era, the Sushama-sushami
period, the SushamS, period, the Sushamadu^shamA
period, and much time of the Du^shamasushami
period had elapsed, seventy-five years nine and a half
1 Bh&van&. The bhdvan&s are subdivisions of the five great vows.
* Hatthottarfi, in the original. 3 Kalpa Sfttra, i.
190 A*ARANGA S^TRA.
months of it being left ; in the fourth month of sum-
mer, in the eighth fortnight, in the light fortnight
of Ashd^a, on its sixth day, while the moon was
in conjunction with Uttaraphalgunl, the Venerable
Ascetic Mahvtra descended from the great Vimdna 1 ,
the all-victorious and all-prosperous Pushpottara,
which is like the lotus amongst the best (and highest
flowers), and like the Svastika and Vardham^naka
amongst the celestial regions, where he had lived
for twenty Sdgaropamas till the termination of his
allotted length of life, (divine) nature and existence
(among gods). Here, forsooth, in the continent of
6ambudvlpa, in Bharatavarsha, in the southern
part of it, in the southern brahmanical part of the
place Ku^apura, he took the form of an embryo
in the womb of Devdnandi, of the G^landhard-
yaa gotra, wife of the Brdhma^a /frshabhadatta, of
the gotra of Koafala, taking the form of a lion 2 . (2)
The knowledge of the Venerable Ascetic Mah-
vlra (with reference to this transaction) was three-
fold : he knew that he was to descend ; he knew
that he had descended ; he knew not when he was
descending. For that time has been declared to be
infinitesimally small. (3)
Then in the third month of the rainy season, the
fifth fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of A^vina, on its
thirteenth day, while the moon was in conjunction
with Uttaraphalgun!, after the lapse of eighty-two
days, on the eighty-third day current, the com-
passionate god (Indra), reflecting on what was the
established custom (with regard to the birth of
Tlrthakaras), removed the embryo from the southern
1 Vim&nas are palaces of the gods. 2 Cf. Kalpa^SUUra, 2.
Book Ii, Lecture 15. 19 1
brahmanical part of the place Ku;/</apura to the
northern Kshatriya part of the same place, rejecting
the unclean matter, and retaining the clean matter,
lodged the fetus in the womb of Trijali of the
Visish/^a gotra, wife of the Kshatriya Siddhrtha,
of the K&syapa gotra, of the clan of the Gnbtrts,
and lodged the fetus of the Kshatriy4#l TrLrali in
the womb of Devinandd of the ^alandhar^ya^a
gotra, wife of the Brihma^a /?zshabhadatta, of the
gotra of Kod&la, in the southern brahmanical part of
the place Kuwdapurt. (4) The knowledge of the
Venerable Ascetic Mah&vlra (with regard to this
transaction) was threefold : he knew that he was to
be removed ; he knew that he was removed ; he
also knew when he was being removed. (5)
In that period, in that age, once upon a time, after
the lapse of nine complete months and seven and
a half days, in the first month of summer, in the
second fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of Afaitra, on
its thirteenth day, while the moon was in conjunction
with Uttaraphalgunl, the Kshatriy&^t Tri^ald, per-
fectly healthy herself, gave birth to a perfectly
healthy (boy), the Venerable Ascetic Mahdvlra. (6)
In that night in which the KshatriylUi TrLrald,
perfectly healthy herself, gave birth to a perfectly
healthy (boy), the Venerable Ascetic Mahdvira,
there was one great divine, godly lustre (originated)
by descending and ascending gods and goddesses
(of the four orders of) Bhavanapatis, Vyantaras,
6yotishkas, and Vimnavsins ; and in the conflux of
gods the bustle of gods amounted to confusion 1 . (7)
In that night, &c., the gods and goddesses rained
* Cf. Kalpa Sfttra, 97.
192 A*ARANGA S^TRA.
down one great shower of nectar, sandal powder, flowers, gold, and pearls 1 . (8)
In that night the gods and goddesses (of the
above-mentioned four orders) performed the cus-
tomary ceremonies of auspiciousness and honour,
and his anointment as a Ttrthakara. (9)
Upwards from the time when the Venerable
Mahdvlra was placed in the womb of the Kshatri-
ynl Tmal, that family's (treasure) of gold, silver,
riches, corn, jewels, pearls, shells, precious stones,
and corals increased 2 . (10) When the parents
of the Venerable Ascetic Mahdvlra had be-
come aware of this, after the lapse of the tenth
day, and the performance of the purification,
they prepared much food, drink, sweetmeats, and
spices; and having invited a host of friends, near
arid remote relatives, they distributed, portioned
out, bestowed (the above-mentioned materials) to
Srama^as, Brihma^as, paupers, beggars 8 , eunuchs,
&c., and distributed gifts to .those who wanted to
make presents ; then they gave a dinner to the host
of friends, near and remote relatives, and after
dinner they announced the name (of the child) to
their guests: (n) 'Since the prince was placed in
the womb of the Kshatriy^l Tmald, this family's
(treasure) of gold, silver, riches, corn, jewels, pearls,
shells, precious stones, and corals increased ; there-
fore the prince shall be called Vardhamdna (i.e. the
Increasing)/ (12)
The Venerable Ascetic MahAvlra was attended by five nurses : a wet-nurse, a nurse to clean him,
1 Cf. Kalp % Sfitra, 98. Cf. Kalpa Sfitra, 90.
1 The next ftord, bhivvu/Bdaga, has been left out in the translation.
Book Ii, Lecture 15. 193
one to dress him, one to play with him, one to carry
him ; being transferred from the lap of one nurse to
that of another, he grew up on that beautiful ground,
paved with mosaic of precious stones, like a Tsfam-
paka 1 tree growing in the glen of a mountain. (13)
Then the Venerable Ascetic Mah&vira, after his
intellect had developed and the childhood had passed
away, lived in the enjoyment of the allowed, noble,
fivefold joys and pleasures : (consisting in) sound,
touch, taste, colour, and smell 2 . (14)
The Venerable Ascetic Mah^vtra belonged to the
Kasyapa gotra. His three names have thus been
recorded by tradition : by his parents he was called
Vardhamina, because he is devoid of love and hate ;
(he is called) .SYamatta (i.e. Ascetic), because he sus-
tains dreadful dangers and fears, the noble naked-
ness, and the miseries of the world ; the name
Venerable Ascetic Mah&vtra has been given to him
by the gods 3 .
The Venerable Ascetic Mahivtra's father belonged
to the KcLsyapa gotra ; he had three names : Sid-
dh&rtha, .Sreydawsa, and rasa/wsa 4 . His mother
belonged to the Vslsish^a gotra, and had three
names : TrL$al, VidehadattS,, and Priyakri#l. His
paternal uncle Supdrcva belonged to the K^Uyapa
gotra. His eldest brother, Nandivardhana, and his
eldest sister, Sudansand, belonged both to the KA-
gotra. His wife Yarod& belonged to the
gotra. His daughter, who belonged to
the Kd^yapa gotra, had two names: Anoggb and
1 Michelia Champaka. * Cf. Kalpa Sfltra, 10.
3 Cf. Kalpa Sfltra, 108.
4 The spaced words are Prakrit, the Sanskrit form of which can- not be made out with certainty.
194 AJ5TARANGA S^TRA.
PriyadarranA. His granddaughter, who belonged to
the Kaiuika gotra, had two names : .Seshavatl and
Ya^ovatl 1 . (15)
The Venerable Ascetic MahAvira's parents were
worshippers of Pdrcva and followers of the .Srama-
#as. During many years they were followers of the
tSramaaas, and for the sake of protecting the six classes
of lives they observed, blamed, repented, confessed,
and did penance according to their sins. On a bed
of Rosa-grass they rejected all food, and their bodies
dried up by the last mortification of the flesh, which
is to end in death. Thus they died in the proper
month, and, leaving their bodies, were born as gods
in Adbhuta Kalpa. Thence descending after the
termination of their allotted length of life, they will,
in Mahivideha, with their departing breath, reach
absolute perfection, wisdom, liberation, final Nir-
vifta, and the end of all misery. (16)
In that period, in that age the Venerable Ascetic
Mahdvlra, a Cn&ri Kshatriya, G^dt^rputra, a Vi-
deha, son of Videhadatti, a native of Videha, a
prince of Videha, lived thirty years amongst the
householders under the name of 'Videha 2 /
After his parents had gone to the worlds of the
gods and lie had fulfilled his promise, he gave up
his gold and silver, his troops and chariots, and
distributed, portioned out, and gave away his valuable
treasures (consisting of) riches, corn, gold, pearls,
&c., and distributed among those who wanted to
make presents to others. Thus he gave away during
a whole year. In the first month of winter, in the
first fortnight, in the dark (fortnight) of M&rgariras,
* Cf. Kalpa SOtra, 109. * Cf. Kalpa Sfttra, 1 10.
Book Ii, Lecture 15. 195
on its tenth day, while the moon was in conjunction
with Uttaraphalgunt, he made up his mind to retire
from the world. (17)
A year before the best of Ginas will retire from
the world, they continue to give away their property,
from the rising of the sun. i.
One krore and eight lacks of gold is his gift at the rising of the sun, as if it were his morning meal. ii.
Three hundred and eighty-eight krores and eighty lacks were given in one year. iii.
The Ku/wfeladharas of Vai^rama^a, the Laukdn-
tika and Maharddhika gods in the fifteen Karma-
bhtimis 1 wake the Tirthakara. iv.
In Brahma Kalpa and in the line of Krzsh#as, the
Laukintika Vim&nas are eightfold and infinite in
number, v,
These orders of gods wake the best of Ginas, the
Venerable Vlra : ' Arhat! propagate the religion which
is a blessing to all creatures in the world !' vi.
When the gods and goddesses (of the four orders
of) Bhavanapatis, Vyantaras, <?yotishkas, and Vi-
mnavsins had become aware of the Venerable
Ascetic Mahivtra's intention to retire from the world,
they assumed their proper form, dress, and ensigns,
ascended with their proper pomp and splendour,
together with their whole retinue, their own vehicles
and chariots, and rejecting all gross matter, retained
only the subtile matter. Then they rose and with
that excellent, quick, swift, rapid, divine motion of
the gods they came down again crossing numberless
continents and oceans till they arrived in
1 Those parts of the world which are inhabited by men who practise religious duties, are called Karmabhftmi, In Gambit- dvipa they are Bharata, Air&vata, and Videfca.
196 A*ARA&GA S^TRA.
dvtpa at the northern Kshatriya part of the place
Kiw</apura ; in the north-eastern quarter of it they
suddenly halted. (18)
Sakra, the leader and king of the gods, quietly and
slowly stopped his vehicle and chariot, quietly and
slowly descended from it and went apart. There
he underwent a great transformation, and produced
by magic a great, beautiful, lovely, fine-shaped divine
pavilion \ which was ornamented with many designs
in precious stones, gold, and pearls. In the middle
part of that divine pavilion he produced one great
throne of the same description, with a footstool. (19)
Then he went where the Venerable Ascetic Mahi-
vtra was, and thrice circumambulating him from left
to right, he praised and worshipped him. Leading
him to the divine pavilion, he softly placed him with
the face towards the east on the throne, anointed him
with hundredfold and thousandfold refined oil, with
perfumes and decoctions, bathed him with pure water,
and rubbed him with beautifying cool sar>dal 2 , laid
on a piece of cloth worth a lack. He clad him in
a pair of robes so light that the smallest breath
would caniy them away; they were manufactured
in a famous city, praised by clever artists, soft as
the fume of horses, interwoven with gold by skilful
masters, and ornamented with designs of flamingos.
Then (the god) decked him with necklaces of many
and fewer strings, with one hanging down over his
breast and one consisting of one row of pearls,
with a garland, a golden string, a turban, a diadem,
wreaths of precious stones, and decorated him with
