He may beg for a domicile in a traveller's hall, &c.
1 Oggahapa<fim.
* The commentator (Sildnka) states that the monks in Kuh- kaaadeju, &c., are allowed to carry umbrellas, because of the heavy rains in that country.
* Ogitfhe^a v& paggihe^& v&. The commentators explain these words 'to take for once' (sakrit) and < to take repeatedly' (anekajas). Later on the Guzerati commentator explains oggi*- htggti by mfige, ' he should ask.'
(see II, i, 8, 2), having reflected (on its fitness for
a stay) ; he should ask permission to take possession
of it from him who is the landlord or the steward of
that place : ' Indeed, O long-lived one! for the time,
and in the space which you concede us, we shall dwell
here. We shall take possession of the place for as
long a time as the place belongs to you ; and of as
much of it as belongs to you ; for as many fellow-
ascetics (as shall stand in need of it) ; afterwards we
shall take to wandering 1 / (2)
Having got possession of some place, a mendicant
should invite to that food, &c., which he himself
has collected, any fellow-ascetics arriving there who
follow the same rules and are zealous brethren ; but
he should not invite them to anything of which
he has taken possession for the sake of somebody
else. (3)
Having got , possession of some place (in a tra-
veller's hall, &c.), a mendicant should offer a foot-
stool or bench or bed or couch, which he himself has
begged, to any fellow-ascetics arriving there who
follow other rules than he, yet are zealous brethren ;
but he should not offer them anything of which
he has taken possession for the sake of somebody
else. (4)
Having got possession of some place in a tra-
veller's hall, &c., a mendicant might ask from a
householder or his sons the loan of a needle or
a Pippalaka 2 or an ear-picker or a nail-parer, he
should not give or lend it to somebody else ; but
1 Compare the corresponding precept in II, 2, 3, 3. * The Guzerati commentator only says that pippalaka is some utensil. The older commentators do not explain this passage.
Book Ii, Lecture 7, Lesson 2. 173
having done that for which he wanted one of the
above articles, he should go with that article there
(where the householder, &c., is), and stretching out
his hands or laying the article on the ground, he
should, after consideration, say : * Here it is ! here it
is 1* But he should not with his own hand put it in
the hand of the householder. (5)
A monk or a nun should not take possession
of anything 1 on the bare ground, on wet ground,
where there are eggs, &a; nor on pillars or such
an above-ground place (II, 2, i, 7) ; nor on a wall,
&c. ; nor on the trunk of a tree, &c. ; nor where the
householder or fire or water, or women or children
or cattle are, and wh"ere it is not fit for a wise
man to enter or to leave, &c., nor to meditate on
the law; nor where they have to pass through the
householder's abode or to which there is no road,
and where it is not fit, &c.; nor where the house-
holder or his wife, &c., bully or scold each other, &c.
(see II, 2, i, 9, and 3, 7) ; nor where they rub or
anoint each other's body with oil or ghee or butter
or grease ; nor where they take a b&tli, &c* ; nor
where they go about naked, &c. (all as in II, 2, 3,
This is the whole duty, &c.
Thus I say. (6-12)
He may beg for a domicile in a traveller's hall,
&c. (see II, i, 8, 2), having reflected (on its fit-
ness) ; he should ask permission to take possession
1 Oggaha.
174 AJrARANGA
of it from the landlord or the steward of that place :
1 Indeed, O long-lived one ! for the time and in
the space you concede us, we shall dwell here 1 / &c.
(see i, 2). Now what further after the place is taken
possession of? He should not remove from without
to within, or vice versa, any umbrella or stick, &c.
(see II, 2, 3, 2) belonging to vSrama^as or Brh-
maaas (previously settled there) ; nor should he
wake up a sleeping person, nor offend or molest the
(inmates), (i)
A monk or a nun might wish to go to a mango
park; they should then ask the landlord's or steward's
permission' 1(in the manner described above). Now
what further after the place is taken possession of?
Then they might desire to eat a mango. If the monk
or the nun perceive that the mango is covered with
eggs, living beings, &c. (see II, i, i, $ 2), they should
not take it ; for it is impure, &c. (2)
If the monk or the nun perceive that the mango
is free from eggs,, living beings, &c., but not nibbled
at by animals, nor injured, they should not take it ; for
it is impure, &c. But if they perceive that the mango
is free from eggs, living beings, &c., and is nibbled
at by animals and injured, then they may take it ; for
it is pure, &c. a (3)
The monk might wish ,to eat or suck one half of
a mango or a mango's peel or rind or sap or. smaller
particles. If the monk or the nun perceive that
the above-enumerated things are covered with eggs,
or living beings, they should not take them ; for they
are impure, &c. But they may take them, if they are
1 2 of the preceding Lesson is repeated word for word. See II, i, i, 3, 4 .
Book Ii, Lecture /, Lesson 2. 175
free from eggs, &c., and nibbled at by animals *or injured 1 . (4)
A monk or a nun might wish to go to a sugar-
cane plantation. They should ask permission in the
manner described above. The monk or the nun
might wish to chew or suck sugar-cane. In that case
the same rules as for eating mango apply also ; like-
wise if they wish to chew or to suck the sugar-cane's
pulp, fibres, sap, or smaller particles. (5)
A monk or a nun might wish to go to a garlic
field. They should ask permission in the manner
described above. The monk or the nun might wish
to chew or suck garlic. In that case the same rules
as for eating mangoes apply also ; likewise if they
wish to chew or suck the bulb or peel or stalk or
seed of garlic 2 . (6)
A monk or a nun, having got possession of a place
in a traveller's hall, &c., should avoid all occasions
to sin (proceeding from any preparations made by)
the householders or thfeir sons, and should occupy
that place according to the following rules. (7)
Now this is the first rule :
He may beg for a domicile in a traveller's hall,
&c., having reflected (on its fitness for a stay), &c.
( 2 of the preceding Lesson is to be repeated here).
This is the first rule. (8)
Now follows the second rule :
A monk resolves : ' I shall ask for possession of a dwelling-place, &c., for the sake of other mendicants,
1 In the text 3 is repeated with the necessary alterations.
a .Stl&hka, in his commentary, remarks that the meaning of the Sfitras about eating mangoes, sugar-cane, and garlic should be learned from the Sixteenth Lesson of the Nishftha Sfttra.
and having taken possession of it for their sake, I shall use it/
This is the second rule. (9)
Now follows the third rule :
A monk resolves : ' I shall ask for possession of a
dwelling-place, &c., for the sake of Other mendicants,
and having taken possession of it for their sake, I
shall not use it/
This is the third rule. (10)
Now follows the fourth rule :
A monl^ resolves : ' I shall not ask for possession
of a dwelling-place, &c., for the sake of other mendi-
cants; but if the dwelling-place, &c., has already
been ceded to them, I shall use it/
This is the fourth rule, (i i)
Now follows the fifth rule :
A monk resolves : * I shall ask for possession of a
dwelling-place for my own sake, not for two, three,
four, or five persons/
This is the fifth rule. (12)
Now follows the sixth rule :
If a monk or a nun, occupying a dwelling-place in
which there is Ikka^a reed,&c. (see II, 2, 3, 1 8), get
this thing, then they may use it; otherwise they
should remain in a squatting or sitting posture.
This is the sixth rule. (13)
Now follows the seventh rule :
A monk or a nun may beg for a dwellitig-place
paved with clay or wood. If they get it, then
they may use it ; otherwise they should remain in a
squatting or sitting posture.
This is the seventh rule.
One who has adopted ooe of these seven rules, should not say, &c. (all as in II, i, 1 1, 12). (14)
Book Ii, Lecture 7, Lesson 2. 177
. I have heard the following explanation by the
venerable (Mahdvlra) : The Sthaviras, the venerable
ones, have declared that dominion l is fivefold :
The lord of the gods' dominion ;
The king's dominion ;
The houseowner's 2 dominion ;
The householder's 3 dominion ;
The religious man's 4 dominion.
This is the whole duty, &c.
Thus I say. (15)
End df the Seventh Lecture, called Regulation of Possession.
1 Oggaha, avagraha.
$ G&hdvaf, griliapati. In another part of the commentary it is
explained gr&mamahattaradi, his dominion is gramapa/a-
kddikam.
8 S&gfiriya, s&gSrika. It is explained .rayyStara, host. His dominion is shampasfiladi.
4 Sdhammiya, sfidharmika. His dominion is vasaty^di, his domicile which extends for a Ycg^ana and a quarter. When he takes possession (parigraha) of it, he must ask permission of the possessors.
[aa] N
SECOND PART.
THE SEVEN LECTURES 1 . EIGHTH LECTURE 2 .
When a monk or a nun wishes to perform religious
postures 3 , they should enter a village or a scot-free
town, &c. ; having entered it, they should not accept a
place, even if it is offered, which is infected by eggs
or living beings, &c. ; for such a place is impure and
unacceptable. In this way all that h$s v been said
about couches (in the Second Lecture) should be
repeated here as far as ' water-plants' (II, 2, i,
Is), (i)
Avoiding these occasions to sin, a mendicant may
choose one of these four rules for the performance
of religious postures.
This is the first rule :
I shall choose something inanimate 4 , and lean
against it; changing the position of the body, and
moving about a little, I shall stand there.
This is the first rule. (2)
Now follows the second rule :
I shall choose something inanimate, and lean
1 Sattikao.
* 77l4*asattikkaya0j, sthSnasaptaikakam.
/4&ttae. * As a wall, &c.
Book Ii, Lecture 9. - 179
against it ; changing the position of the body, but
not moving about a little, I shall stand there.
This is the second rule. (3)
Now follows the third rule :
I shall choose something inanimate, and lean
against it ; not changing the position of the body,
nor moving about a little, I shall stand there.
This is the third rule. (4)
Now follows the fourth rule :
I shall choose something inanimate, but I shall
not lean against it ; not changing the position of the
body, nor moving about a little, I shall stand there.
Abandoning the care of the body, abandoning the
care of the hair of the head, beard, and the other
parts of the body, of the nails, perfectly motionless,
I shall stand there.
This is the fourth rule. (5)
One who has adopted one of these four rules, &c. (see II, i, n, 12).
This is the whole duty, &c.
Thus I say.
NINTH LECTURE 1 .
When a monk or a nun wishes to go to a pure
place for study, they 2 should not accept one which is
infected by eggs or living beings, &c. ; for it is im-
pure and unacceptable. But if that place for study
to which they wish to go, is free from eggs or living
beings, &c., they may accept it ; for it is pure and
acceptable.
1 Nisihiyasattikkayaw ; * The original has the first person /fetissami.
i8o
In this way all that has been said in the corre-
sponding passage about couches 1 should be repeated
here as far as 'water-plants/ (i)
If parties of two, three, four, or five (mendicants)
resolve to go to the place for study, they should not
embrace or hug, bite with their teeth or scratch with
their nails each other's body.
