8. ' He refrains from injuring any herb or any creature. He takes but one meal a day ; abstaining
in the different suttas in which this enumeration of Buddhist morality is found, is distinct from the enumeration itself, and, like the opening reference to V£se//£a, characteristic only of the par- ticular Sutta.
Iqi
from food at night time, or at the wrong time. He
abstains from dancing, singing, music, and theatrical
shows. He abstains from wearing, using, or adorning
himself with garlands, and scents, and unguents, and
he abstains from lofty couches and large beds.
1 This, too, (&c, see § II, 2.)
9. ' He abstains from the getting of silver or
gold. He abstains from the getting of grain un-
cooked. He abstains from the getting of flesh that
is raw. He abstains from the getting of any woman
or girl. He abstains from the getting of bondmen
or bondwomen. He abstains from the getting of
sheep or goats. He abstains from the getting of
fowls or swine. He abstains from the getting of
elephants, cattle, horses, and mares. He abstains
from the getting of fields or lands.
10. ' He refrains from carrying out those com-
missions on which messengers can be sent. He
refrains from buying and selling. He abstains from
tricks with false weights, alloyed metals, or false
measures. He abstains from bribery, cheating,
fraud, and crooked ways.
11. 'He refrains from maiming, killing, im-
prisoning, highway robbery, plundering villages, or
obtaining money by threats of violence.
' This, too, (&c, see § II, 2.) 9
End of the Short Paragraphs on Conduct.
The Middle Paragraphs on Conduct.
THE MAGG^IMA sIImAM
1. 'Or whereas some Sama#a-Br&hmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
addicted to injuring plants or vegetables : that is to
say, the germs arising from roots, the germs arising
from trunks of trees, the germs arising from joints,
the germs arising from buds, or the germs arising
from seeds. He, on the other hand, refrains from
injuring such plants or animals.
2. ' Or whereas some Sama^a-Brihmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
addicted to storing up property : that is to say, meat,
drink, clothes, equipages, beds, perfumes, and grain.
He, on the other hand, refrains from storing up
such property.
3. ' Or whereas some Samara- Br&hmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
addicted to witnessing public spectacles : that is to
say, dancing, singing, concerts, theatrical representa-
tions, recitations, instrumental music, funeral cere-
monies, drummings, balls, gymnastics, tumblings,
feasts in honour of the dead, combats between
elephants, horses, buffaloes, bulls, goats, rams, cocks,
and quails, cudgel playing, boxing, wrestling, fencing,
musters, marching, and reviews of troops. He, on
the other hand, refrains from such public spectacles.
Ii*
4* 1 Or whereas some Sama#a-Brihmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
addicted to occupying their time with games detri-
mental to their progress in virtue : that is to say,
with a board of sixty-four squares, or of one hun-
dred squares; tossing up; hopping over diagrams
formed on the ground ; removing substances from a
heap without shaking the remainder ; dicing ; trap-
ball ; sketching rude figures ; tossing balls ; blowing
trumpets ; ploughing matches ; tumbling ; forming
mimic windmills ; guessing at measures ; chariot
races ; archery ; shooting marbles from the fingers ;
guessing other people's thoughts ; and mimicking
other people's acts. He, on the other hand, refrains
from such games detrimental to virtue.
'This, too, (&c, see $ II, 2.)
5. 'Or whereas some Samara- Br&hmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
addicted to the use of elevated and ornamented
couches or things to recline upon: that is to say,
of large couches ; ornamented beds ; coverlets with
long fleece ; embroidered counterpanes ; woollen
coverlets, plain or worked with thick flowers ; cotton
coverlets, worked with knots, or dyed with figures
of animals ; fleecy carpets ; carpets inwrought with
gold or with silk ; far-spreading carpets ; rich ele-
phant housings, trappings, or harness ; rugs for
chariots ; skins of the tiger or antelope ; and pillows
or cushions ornamented with gold lace or embroi-
dery. He, on the other hand, refrains from the use
of such elevated or ornamented couches or things
to recline upon.
4 This, too, (&c, see § II, 2.) [11] o
6. ' Or whereas some Samara- Brihmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
addicted to the use of articles for the adornment
of their persons : that is to say, unguents ; fragrant
oils ; perfumed baths ; shampooings ; mirrors ; anti-
mony for the eyebrows and eyelashes ; flowers ;
cosmetics ; dentifrices ; bracelets ; diadems ; hand-
some walking-sticks; tiaras; swords; umbrellas;
embroidered slippers; fillets; jewelry; fans of the
buffalo tail ; and long white garments. He, on the
other hand, refrains from the use of such articles for
the adornment of the person.
7. ' Or whereas some Sama#a-Brahmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
addicted to mean talk : that is to say, tales of kings,
of robbers, or of ministers of state ; tales of arms,
of war, of terror; conversation respecting meats,
drinks, clothes, couches, garlands, perfumes, relation-
ships, equipages, streets, villages, towns, cities, pro-
vinces, women, warriors, demigods; fortune- telling ;
hidden treasures in jars; ghost stories ; empty tales;
disasters by sea ; accidents on shore ; things which
are, and things which are not. He, on the other
hand, refrains from such mean conversation.
8. ' Or whereas some Sama^a-Brihmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
addicted to wrangling: that is to say, to saying,
" You are ignorant of this doctrine and discipline,
but I understand them ! " " What do you know of
doctrine or discipline ? " " You are heterodox, but
I am orthodox ! " " My discourse is profitable, but
yours is worthless ! " " That which you should speak
first you speak last, and that which you should speak
last you speak first ! " " What you have long studied
I have completely overturned!" "Your errors are
made quite plain ! " " You are disgraced ! " " Go
away and escape from this disputation ; or if not,
extricate yourself from your difficulties ! " He, on
the other hand, refrains from such wrangling,
9. ' Or whereas some Sama#a-Br£hmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
addicted to performing the servile duties of a go-
between : that is to say, between kings, ministers of
state, soldiers, Br&hmans, people of property, or
young men, who say, " Come here ! " " Go there ! "
Take this to such a place ! " " Bring that here ! "
But he refrains from such servile duties of a
messenger.
10. ' Or whereas some Sama^a-Brihmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
addicted to hypocrisy: that is to say, they speak
much ; they make high professions ; they disparage
others ; and they are continually thirsting after
gain. But he refrains from such hypocritical craft.
* This, too, (&c, see J II, 2.)'
End of the Middle Paragraphs on Conduct.
The Long Paragraphs on Conduct.
THE MAHA StLAJJ/.
1. 'Or whereas some Sama#a-Br4hmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
to gain a livelihood by such low arts, by such lying
practices as these : that is to say, by divination from
marks on the body ; by auguries ; by the interpreta-
tion of prognostics, of dreams, and of omens, good or
bad ; by divinations from the manner in which cloth
and other such things have been bitten by rats ; by
sacrifices to the god of fire, offerings of Dabba
grass, offerings with a ladle, offerings of husks,
of bran, of rice, of clarified butter, of oil, and of
liquids ejected from the mouth ; and by bloody
sacrifices ; by teaching spells for preserving the
body, for determining lucky sites, for protecting
fields, for luck in war, against ghosts and goblins,
to secure good harvests, to cure snake bites, to
serve as antidotes for poison, and to cure bites of
scorpions or rats; by divination, by the flight of
hawks, or by the croaking of ravens ; by guessing
at length of life ; by teaching spells to ward off
wounds ; and by pretended knowledge of the lan-
guage of beasts. —
'He, on the other hand, refrains from seeking a livelihood by such low arts, by such lying practices.
2. ' Or whereas some Sama^a-Brihmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
to gain a livelihood by such low arts, by such lying
ir.
practices as these : that is to say, by explaining the
good and bad points in jewels, sticks, garments,
swords, arrows, bows, weapons of war, women, men,
youths, maidens, male and female slaves, elephants,
horses, bulls, oxen, goats, sheep, fowl, snipe, iguanas,
long-eared creatures, turtle, and deer. —
'He, on the other hand, refrains from seeking a livelihood by such low arts, by such lying practices.
3. ' Or whereas some Sama#a-Br£hmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
to gain a livelihood by such low arts and such lying
practices as these : that is to say, by foretelling future
events, as these :
* " There will be a sortie by the king." " There
will not be a sortie by the king." " The king within
the city will attack." "The king outside the city
will retreat." " The king within the city will gain
the victory." " The king outside the city will be
defeated." " The king outside the city will be the
conqueror." " The king inside the city will be van-
quished." Thus prophesying to this one victory and
to that one defeat. —
livelihood by such low arts, by such lying practices.
4. * Or whereas some Sama#a-Br&hmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
to gain a livelihood by such low arts and such lying
practices as these : that is to say, by predicting —
' " There will be an eclipse of the moon." " There
will be an eclipse of the sun." " There will be an
eclipse of a planet." " The sun and the moon will be
in conjunction." " The sun and the moon will be in
I98 ON KNOWLEDGE OF THE VEDAS. CH.
opposition." 44 The planets will be in conjunction."
" The planets will be in opposition." " There will be
falling meteors, and fiery coruscations in the atmo-
sphere." " There will be earthquakes, thunderbolts,
and forked lightnings." " The rising and setting of
the sun, moon, or planets will be cloudy or clear."
And then : " The eclipse of the moon will have such
and such a result." " The eclipse of the sun will
have such and such a result." " The eclipse of the
moon will have such and such a result." " The sun
and the moon being in conjunction will have such
and such a result." 44 The sun and the moon being
in opposition will have such and such a result"
44 The planets being in conjunction will have such and
such a result." 44 The planets being in opposition
will have such and such a result." " The falling
meteors and fiery coruscations in the atmosphere
will have such and such a result." 44 The earth-
quakes, thunderbolts, and forked lightnings will
have such and such a result." 44 The rising and
setting of the sun, moon, or planets, cloudy or clear,
will have such and such a result."
livelihood by such low arts,, by such lying practices.
4 This, too, (&c, see §11, 2.)
5. 4 Or whereas some Samara- Br&hmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
to gain a livelihood by such low arts and such lying
practices as these : that is to say, by predicting —
4 4 4 There will be an abundant rainfall." 44 There will
be a deficient rainfall." 44 There will be an abundant
harvest." 44 There will be famine." 44 There will be
tranquillity." 44 There will be disturbances." " The
season will be sickly." 44 The season will be healthy."
Or by drawing deeds, making up accounts,
giving pills, making verses, or arguing points of
casuistry. —
* He, on the other hand, refrains from seeking a livelihood by such low arts, by such lying practices.
6. ' Or whereas some Sama^a-Brahmans, who
live on the food provided by the faithful, continue
to gain a livelihood by such low arts and such lying
practices as these : that is to say, by giving advice
touching the taking in marriage, or the giving in
marriage ; the forming of alliances, or the dissolution
of connections ; the calling in property, or the laying
of it out. By teaching spells to procure prosperity,
or to cause adversity to others ; to remove sterility ;
to produce dumbness, locked-jaw, deformity, or
deafness. By obtaining oracular responses by the
aid of a mirror, or from a young girl, or from a god.
By worshipping the sun, or by worshipping Brahma ;
by spitting fire out of their mouths, or by laying
hands on people's heads. —