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The Commentaries of Proclus on the Timaeus of Plato — trans. Thomas Taylor (1820)

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U e in a v I Ktwisi in. kr the following division, and »ail the iii’ein c t ol tie soul, the charts teer; I it the rite cot /Acme-c, ai d the Lett'r In .r*c, tl r ihatiocltc -art <1 tin smil; an! the nrtlc ol thr d<t}ct(nt, and the less tuioiietit hor-e, t c do vast i c part. Hit it must he observed,th it diunoi 11 arlmpate sol ihlieicnce, and opinion in sameness lor (very p nt w .nth you inav assume of the smil pntuij Us id hi ill these. And if we survey indeed the horses anti tl c charioteer, according to tint wi ich is it glirst in the soul, tlic •upreinc union of the void with lnuihpd Its and the God’, will he the charioteer But the Letter horse

4G9 will he that power / f the soul, winch a’wavs aspires alur mtei igd l« s And :he inferior liorse, « || J, c tint piwr. « mb (nines into t. marl uitii tnnllcctions, a« e mpn.id with ilivivim a , ,| i r u-ition. And the e 1 1 »111 _ s u deed w ii tape phur, it v* o .itnry the cli. note r and t e horses, ni the d* im cue soul alone H it it sou survey them in the dosa't c 'onl, tl cn dirmo i unis 1 he assumed .is the ri arm ci r, the power id ti e d. sistie pm, »lmh alw.iy- (I s res to been arranged with tllali a t, inn t le Consider! tl as the letter ol the two It rsr-; and tliit power of it winch aspires alter generation, ai i| the p. verunicrit of secondary n itures as the less excellent Ii rsr. It is possible il'ti, by assuming the rhatioierr according to hutli ill mold and opinion conj* iiied, to arrnipe the hctirr In rsc, as rorri spowhnp lo the dm n.rtic pnwer ah tie, hut the inhn.r horse, as anal pi us to the d vistic power For it must he observed, th it when the 'onl gives it‘rll ii|> to more evnllrnt nature*, then opinion resigns the wliolr ol it-cll to ihauoia, and wishes to }ertain to it il (*• though whri. it becomes weir-., it wishes to energize Iiv r»rlt And these things indeed, viz ti c h- rses and the charioteer, w* may survey in the rational '.,iil al nr.

Since however the « id (lrseend» So a' to have the irrni m.il nature woven tngriht r wn|i it, and each nf the horses resists, in being thus ciiim rlnl with the trr III . I d f rin i ( the soul, ivr most not omit to consider I lic-c also when in this (ondit on. lor the soul jins -ess (-(J i iii lornu r, armriling to the eternal progression ot it sell Irom the l>« mnirp is aim e Hot those of ■vs inc Ii I am now going to sjie ik, the soul rernves from the jut i .r iii I-, and In.m tin roum \mn with the mortal lurm if life. Tiif than leer ll err fore, will i (rr sill 'ni arc.riling to oj nm n . hut t e lictter of the two horses »i.l he an per; ami the uilru r hor*e will I e desiri Hence, when ojuntoii is in an r ire t rrinilh-

Iton, it produces the middle,* and tightly o; uimg nnu, and a mid>lh- ch.inot* er. Hut whin i.pnt n :« dis t< it' d, it proihirrs the di-h rt* d in ni, ai d re-, mi les a rh lriotci r hurr'icd along at the w.I! (t tie In rvrv.

1 lie d vote hours, ami rliari 'lerr th* ret- rc, when j.r pi rIv disciplined, |>r (line for us the highest jiditii ll man , hut the iliannclir horses and rt ire t<er, tl r r .ntrmj alive, or ll.eorelir man. i In «r lu.rsrs howevi r, and the charioteer, are changed, are. rdmg to the 'jiherrs uni the ■ hiueitts, ami arinnliug to evrry 1..rm ot I ti lor in ttie si| ( r s|.l„ re, tl.rv arc Solar, in tiie sj lime ot .lupitrr, they are Jovi.in, in the sphere (I M.ir», Martial; and in short, they ate als ays c.la- 1 |s|ird an rdmg lo the j*ecn!lnily of the • «od [ahont vvl.irli they ate arranged). Ai d il indrrd, they are estaulislied arrordiug to the divine Imin, they ure divine; tl arcorthng to the angelic, they are angrln al; llaicordiup to the da niutiiacal form ol lile, they are (laitiuiiiac.il: hut if according to the Immc.il I rm, tiny arc heroic: and m a mn.ijr manner in all the other tortus ol hie.

liot what arc we to understand by the wi ri) "*<rr-rtpor-l Ami in the first place, let n« sec what a wring sipintie« The wing of the *uul therefore, tslier anagoptc jmwer, winch is especially seen according to ttie Letter of

1 for tire ’mi! i’ eternal according to csserce, but temporal according to energy - lienee according to the former it is immovable, but is movable according to the iattcr.

1 i r Man of a middle class e.f < xrrllrnco.

1 Tins word means hlcialiy

p. 470

ADDITIONAL NOTES.

th« two hones. We denominate this horse therefore, a wheel, or rather the circle of the tame, l»<, ame it is a l« ver ol tin- hc-aulilul, aspires alter intelligible-., and inter resists the charioteer, hut acts lightly, and also errs inconjiiuclioii with it. but the other horse, wh'rh is the downward-drawing ami griie-iurgic power of tile soul, gravitates to earth, and te-ists the chaiujticr. All soi.Is therefore have wings: lor a.J ot them line all |o»irs, and this is a|s„ tin- u-e with the 1 1 ,.matter and the horses, lh'i hi ilunir souls imleeil, the wiligs ale always illiincuiliht ri if; and lit me flies are sud to he mi.rJ, hut not iti 6 aut id hnriiju. (>u the loiitrarv, in our souls who hare human, the w mgs are not always expanded, hut an Sometimes llo-t.l and sluggish. lot we | >s-ess tht: power of Hit in (since we never 1 .se our puv-er-j; hit we liave not always tlie energy of them. Him clous tin term tub uisged Is more adapted, in cull tipicute ol p< ssc-saig the p .wt r, h it not t utin ly the ctu r^v ot "mg'. Hut to tl.i t> d-, the term uingij is ai.' ipti . 1 , as havii g in elLcjcy, Loth powt rs and eiu-rgn s Henceafterward-, he says of our sot 1 , f/mt i Wy n b • •"fttJ Mi-hiiij* thereloie to a-si it tint ni.uh is

Col1 11 noII hotfi to diviuv souls and oui , he live, the word tub uitiL-eJ 1 .r all souls have an im ic powt r, tin u r h some have it always, hut oil i is >.,inrtimis only in energy. Or it may he said that li e turn tut uingtj is pr. peily as-rrted. both of divine Souls, and onis. Ol d um tools mdeeil, Imjusc m thrill, the h mgs ate al.oilt their lowest p, w. rs, and win h air l e irc-l to tl.e i nth tin a rm rg,u . i i mg lilwilsisUhlishi.ini ml III,ill.a Dili tin wl.olr ol U e ti tin in' i. i i, id, i• inl ipii .1 |.i our «oul», hi i msn d" I, mg,./ |» Out pi p, I |y trill, W In II ,.| pill 1 In flu ill, ctu pi .it i rrtaiil I mrv

I ,1 1 lutit i/n i./i | ys *i/ry If.t-) th{ uilintUj irlipi/f J, util tht mlttuiul.

As l*im lus hy div inely inspired poetry, signifies tl at which 1 'ljlu in the I’hadrus tails the progeny ol J...elir mania, and as the enthusiastic t-ii -rj y is fretpieiilly liirnticiied in li.r«e • omuit ntaru s, tl, following account of enthusiasm, and the difh rent kinds of mama ineullomd I v Philo in liie l'h.i Iru?, i. aitdi d hr the salt ol the Platonic I n” 1,-li reader, trim the .'St hull s cl llriim is i ll that I) ilt .aie.

*• ''line Plato here ill hvcis four kinds of in mia, tv which I mi an enthusiasm, ami pu-si sum or m-p:ratluii from the (mils, ti/ the iiiu»u il, the lilistu, ti.c p lo - yhttic, and the amatory, pnvnnis to the ills! iissnui of each, we mu t lirst p< ak ..hout 11111111-14-111, and show to what | ari of the soul the enthu-i.islii energy pertains; w hither rath | eif of 11 | ussesscs this tuer»\ ;

11 oi euttill-ids 111 is from the (sods, ahd in what pirt o! the .soul 11 is iiigeneratcd : or whether it subsists ill something el t nn.re excellent than Soul White then, does that which i-properly and primarily Called enthusiasm subs.-t, aul what is it? Of the rational soul, there are tv o pirt-, one ol whuli is Jumui t, hut the other opinion. Again however, ol thauoia, one part is said to be liie lowe-l, and is properly dianu.a, Lut another part of it is ike highest, which is .-aid to ba-

the intellect of it. according to which tha aoul especially becoinrs inieih-clual, and which Some call intellect incapuiiy. Ihrielsal-o anointr thing aimer thia w hie h is the -iiiniint of the whole soul, niitl most allied to tlt( one. w i.li likewise wishes well to all thing-,and always gives Itself up to the Cod-, and is readily di-pu-ed !>> do whatever they please. This l-.o, is sanl to he- the one ol the soul, bears the iuw-e I I the super e-scntial one, a .1 unit. - toe wh- le - ol 7|. Uol ll.at these things necessarily tint- -uhsi-t, we may ii aru as t dl ws. i lie rational sold rh lives Ms « xiste m e Ir in ail the eau-es 4 >nor to itsi it, 1 1 tnuii mlrlh 1 1 and 1 lie Cmls. Hut it -ul si-is ,d-o I „ui itselflurnptrle.ts itself, ho far therefore, as it -uhsi-is Iruiu the fm’s, it posse-si s the one, which unites all its | wer , .in I a I 1 lie iiiiilutuile ol iis t ll, and iunjoins llie 111 to the one 1 Uelj, and is tin first lecipn iil ol the goods iiiipaiti d hy toe Hod-. It liki-sivi makes all tl.i ts-elie’e ol liie -onl to be bolillniui, ac . ordlllg to wl.nh It IS Connected with the (.oil-, and united to •belli. Hit so far as it imb-i-t- Iroin intellect, it possesses an uiielk ctual iiatun , a. t old ug to winch It :i| prehrnds t no-, hy -miplc pr> jer l|..;i-, or intuiti ms, mid Hut ih-euisivi lv . and s 1 nit) mid to the inti i Ire c w tin Ii is ahov e il ill. And s 11 fir as it confcUtutis 11 si If, it puisc-scx the ill iiiov'tir | uwi r, seeord- Uig to winch it gem tales stirnc-s, and Cirlain theortius, cnergui s discur-ivt ly, ami colleits conclusions Iruiu pmpos,Huns. 1 or t ,al it ton-1,lutes or Rives billsislrme In Itxell, 1- evi lel.t from Us 1111 ) arling peril 1 Hull to lt-cll; »iiu 11 h.it whu I. tads list ft In perfi 1 tun. md imp iris to list Ii wi 11 -1 mg, will mm h iiiuic 1111 ) lit to Itself ivislemi 1 nf lvII la inpis a greater •king ill-ill lieiiig, Jf tin n i,,|e, tin culll un, arts that w it 1 is gii iiri to ii-ei|, it will mu Ii im.ir impart Ilia’ which is le-s Unite ll-.il which is primarily,

I , ‘ , p* r *. v i (tidy enllu.sia-in Irom the fouls 15

• Inn I an Iidmg to tins one of the soul, which is above dianoia, and above thr inti lien of liie soul: w iih 01 e 1- at another lime in a relaxed and dormant state, lhi- one likcwi-c, becoming illuminated [l.y ti.e Cml-,) all thr l ie ot the soul is illuminated, and Pl-O mu III i t, d an 1.1, and the irrational part, and the ri semblance ,,| roll,us asm is transmitted, as tar as to tlie- hud , list if

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