^ijXor cffTi, cm ooc ar rooro awipprjroy t\ryt, aXX’ on oo in <;uya-,or tjpat (aerori tut roo euuarct ij^wr Aico offtacoo orror ptpot yap uvrov reply, «iy* »c rijv mOuXrji rui rirmur euytnptOn ytveuptt uy rvar eaptuy rotrrov. () pry oyy ffio»/*onj» <pyy ru wroppijruy 'no u, roo ptOuu tubrr ,\uir rfxiTriOijffi roo 01 lr riri <f>fxnpa repry. Oi h f'i)yr|rai ror ptSuy irpoff-ithaffir rJoOn. After tills lie beautifully ob¬ serves, “Tliat these four governniruts obscurely signify tlie different gradations of virtues, ac¬ cording to which our soul contains the symbols of all the virtues, both theoretical and catliartical, political and ethical, l or it cither energizes according to the theoretic sutues, the puiadigin of which is the government of Acmrif, that we ni.iv begin from on high; and on this account heaven receives its denomination xapa roo ra arm oppi, from bchol ling the things ubuvc:—or it lives eatharlicallv, the ex¬ emplar of which is the Saturnian kingdom; and on this account Saturn is denominated, from being a pure intellect, through a survey ot him-ilf; and lienee In is said to ilevour hisowiiolT-pring,signifvingthe conversion of Ininse'f to himself<or it energizes according to the political virtues, the svmbol of which it the government of Jupiter; and hence Jupiter is the ltriniiirgus, so called from operating about se¬ condary natures:—or the soul energizes according to both the rthual and physical virtues, the symbol of which is the kingdom of Bacchus ; and on this account he is f.ihled to be torn in picci » by the Ti¬ tans, because the virtues do not follow but are sejiarated from <atli other." Ain-rroirm (lege mur- rovrui ft rout Ka^fpoei fiaOpovt run aptruv tad at ij rjptrtpa 4 ,v X’l aup/3o\a tyuuaa waovy ruy aptrt/y, rwv rt OfwprjTitmr, tat tuOaprttuy, tat roXtrtttuy, tat tfOttuy. II yap tara rat Ortipijntat tyrpytt vr mpahtypa tj roy aupayov fiaat\ita, tya atap^aptOa, ho tat eupatet ttpjjrai rrapa rev ru are cpft .
Book ▼.]
TIM/EUS OF FLATO.
word principle however, does not simply manifest, that which is first in the composition of man. hut that which is the leader and ruler of secondary natures, l or this is that \\ Inch is according to nature, and for this purpose it was produced by the Cxtds. As therefore, the Drmiiirgus constituted the soul of the universe to rule o\er the hotly of it, so likewise, the many Demiurgi established our soul as the principle in the mortal animal. If however, we do not rule ov« r the mortal nature, the power which gave this arrangement to our soul is not the cause of this, hut the indolence of that whit h is arranged. Hut the word immortal com¬ prehends every nature which the l)t miurgus constituted, both that which is in the vehicle, and the rational soul itself, which was perfectly produced by the father, who disseminated the whole of it, and from whom it originated. Again, how¬ ever, I ima-us show s, that the junior Cods are the vivilic causes and fabricators of lhe mortal animal, but that they are each of these, in conjunction with motion, in order that their fabrications may be mortal.
Moreover, the w ords, " in imitation of their artificer," are appropriate. For the junior (toils fabricate bodies, imitating tbe demiurgic characteristic of the father. And as be constituted the universe a whole from the wholes of the elements, so likew ise they fashion partial bodies from partial bodies, in order that together with the imitation, diminution may be preserved, and that they may remain Demiurgi, but the Demiurgi of a partial fabrication. The expression also, they harrowed, manifests, that the parts in us are more the properly of wholes, and of things above us, than tin y are our property. Hut if this be the ease why should men grieve when they die? And why is dissolution lr-adful ? But how is it possible it should not be good, if the universe receives wbat is its own? For it is easy to perceive, that tbe parts in us h< long in a greater degree to tbe universe than to us. For tbe places of all these are in wholes, and not in us. Hilt “ the conglutination of the 1 tceivcd parts together ," evinces that the union in mortal natures is of pos¬ terior origin, and adventitious. For in the universe the whole precedes the parts, and the one, multitude. But in us, many things, and which are naturally sepa-
II enOnprnut £r), rjt wapnbfiyfin ij nm-idn pnot\rin, ho iui epoioi ripr/nu oicv o erpetcvt ri« fin to tnvruv opm. Sinun uirurimr rn nnfia yryy/jfiara \ty(Tut, ninira rpo i ruurnr fwnrrpt'^uv. litara nil tr«\«rnfi% ui tri/fijli \ov r) rev hoi , yen hj/uorpyct o C> vi, wl rrpi rn frvrrpa ryrpyur. f{ tura
rm rjOtyitt mi yi"in<n uptray . ki nop poXur, rj too hot voov A ,,,T *Xc ,a , «'*o tfrapfiTTf~at, hurt cry qitoco- Xn-OuKTo a.\.\’/\uii n ( ifrni. \nd thus far Olsmpindnru* ; ill w lut li it is necessary to observe,
that as Ihr Tilaiix are llir iiliiiiialr artificers of things, ami the most proximate to llieir fabrications, men are said lo be composed from llieir fragments, because llie human soul lias a partial life, capable of pro¬ ceeding to the most extreme division, united with its proper nature. And while the soul is in a state of servitude to the body, she lives confined, as it were, 10 bonds, through the lioniiiiionof IhisTiUnnical life.
[book V.
rated from each other, are conglntinated, receiving n violent and renovated union* lienee tlie bonds of them are dissoluble ; hut the bonds of wholes are indissoluble, union there subduing multitude.
“ But they gave them a tenacious adherence from thick set nails, invi¬ sible through their smallness; fabricating the body of each, one from the composition of all [the elements ; and binding the periods of the immortal soul in intluxivc and ctlluxive body/’
Because in what is here said, ill the same manner as Irefore, Plato constitutes the first vehicle of the soul th it is a body,' from the elements, it is evident that neither is this hodv indivisible, ns being generated from tilings which are to be returned. But it is not iinuianifest, that as that vehicle is one, this testaceous body likewise is in a similar manner generated one. 1’he former however, has indeed a more simple union of simple vestments; lint the latter a more various union, as being of a more eomposite nature. Hence there indeed, that w hich w as composed of tin and water, air and earth, being analogous to a crowd, mani¬ fested vve said, the second vehicle, and the lile eoutaiiied in it. But in what is now said, the te.-taecous hody* is signified. Fur Plato in speaking of it, is not satisfied with things of a simple nature, but adds such .is are adapted to an orga¬ nic body. 1 or it is not possible that this should alone consist of simple elements.' Beginning therefore, from things more imperfect and material, and producing things consisting of similar parts, and from these the organic hody, he gives it to participate of soul, l’or ll;»* junior < inds borrowing parts Irom wholes, assumed such parts as are simple, and made the vehicles of irrational souls, which he before denominated, a tumultuous and irrational crowd, composed of fire and earth, air and water. But conglutinating these, they generated things of similar parts, the composition of w Inch is from the four elements. And causing the things generated to adhere through thick set nails, they gave completion to the organic body. For this it i-, which, as li ‘ say *>, is in want of all small and invisible nails ,
* i e. Tlie aerial vetiiclt ; for tins is llic first vehicle of llie soul that is a body, llie ethereal or per- petual vehicle, nut having three dimensions, but being a superficies, in consequence of its attenuated and immaterial nature. Hence also llie C halda'an Oracle exhorts, not to give depth to u superficies, and cause it to be tirrestnal and humid, through an impure hie.
* In the original in this place, there is an omission of ro otr/wwfei ; hut I have no doubt this word ought to be inserted.
* There is au hiatus here in the original, which renders tlie two lines that immediately follow it unin¬ telligible, and which I Lave not therefore at tempted to translate.
TIM.ELS OF PLATO.
through its composition from dissimilar natures; and of thick set nails, through the facility with which the composition may he dissolved.
We sriv therefore, that the (hick set and invisible nails ire the insertions of small and invisible < leiuents in the solid parts' of the body. Hut the collirpu faction* is adapted to Vulcanian works ; lire producing through rarefaction* in the collique- faction, a procession <»f all things through each other; just as in things which are melted together, the smaller enter into the larger parts, in the melting, and thus the mixture is elicited. Hence it follows, that by conglutinating the things received, the junior (Jods produce a body , not consisting ot indissoluble bonds, but of parts which tenaciously adhere to each other, through thick set, small, and invisible nails. F’or liquefaction, 4 and conglutination* are necessary to the gene¬ ration nt" things of similar parts, the latter of which, moisture imparts, 6 and the former, heat. For every thing is liquefied by liie, but conglutinated by water. Soul therefore accedes, after the union of many things of a dissimilar nature. Anil in the first place, the soul which is entirely mortal accedes. For through this, the ellluxive body subsists, viz. through the physical, sensitive, and orective life. But in the second place, the immortal soul accedes. For this does not enter simply into body, but into an inlluxive and ellluxive body. And the former indeed, is generated with the body ; but the latter, enters into the body. I his therefore, is the order of fabrication, and is attended w ith a reason consentaneous to truth. For all generation begins troin the imperfect, and regularly proceeds to the perfect. And in the universe indeed, lubrication proceeds Irom int« licet and soul, as far as to bodies : for the generation is without time. [Hut in moital natures, fabrication is in conjunction with body.*] for it is temporal. Everything however, which is generated in time, commences the generation from the imper¬ fect. So that if there is any thing which does not begin from the imperfect, that thing was not generated in time.* Hence ‘lie universe was not generated in time. For the Dcmuirgiis did not first constitute body but soul, as wc have l>efore observed; which manifests, that what is called generation, is when ap-
* Tor roil lifXryifitTrrpou here, as lliorc is no such won! in die Greek language, 1 read, rwi fuXtm
* Instead of owrrnlii' here, il is necessary In read uw*-ri|£ii--
* For o^'u^rwi in tins place, read tipaiwtotvi.
4 I or rn^rkii hi re, read
* And for i.iXVijTrui, read KcWrjatvt.
* Instead nf rapm^rra i in (Ins place, it is necessary to read rnpr^trai,
1 Tlie words willun tlic brackets are omitted in die origioal; but I liar* uo doubt ought to be in* serted. So that llierc is wauling in die original, rn it ruw fitra row wttfinrot.
■ For owe axporor in this place, it is necessary lo read ov euro xpecer.
[book v.
plied to the universe, an unbegotten and simultaneous composition. And in the universe indeed, the whole subsists prior to the parts, and the one, to multitude; but in mortal natures the many are generated prior to the one; and these l>eing liquefied through thick set nails, give completion to one thing. For simple bodies are liquefied, but the liquefied bodies are nailed, the nailed bodies are vivified, anil the vilified bodies are co-udapted to the immortal soul.