1 See the legend, I, 2, 5, 1 seq., which represents Vishmi as a dwarf, who obtained from the Asuras as much ground for the gods, as he lay upon. — 'Tad dhi pamshu vaish?;avaw rupa/# yad va- manasya gob.' Ka>/va rec.
56 SATAPATHA-BRAHMA2VA.
to do : thus he comes by cattle, thinking, ' May I be
consecrated, possessed of cattle ! ' A dark-grey 1
bull is the fee for this (offering), for such a dark grey
one is of Pushan's nature : there are two forms of
the dark-grey, the white hair and the black ; and ' two
and two ' means a productive pair, and Pushan repre-
sents productiveness, for Pushan is cattle, and cattle
means productiveness : thus a productive pair is ob-
tained,— hence a dark-grey bull is the sacrificial fee.
9. He then performs another Trisha^yukta
offering. He prepares a cake on eleven potsherds
for Agnsi and Soma, a pap for Indra and Soma,
and a pap for Soma; this Trisha^yukta (triply
connected) he offers : — Thereby the gods attained
glory ; and in like manner does this (king) thereby
attain glory.
10. Now as to why there is that cake on eleven
potsherds for Agni and Soma ; — Agni is the giver,
and Soma is glory :. thus Agni, the giver, gives him
glory.
11. And as to why there is a pap for Indra and
Soma ; — Indra is the Sacrificer, and Soma is glory :
whatever glory Agni, the giver, gives him, therewith
he now puts himself in contact, that he makes his
own.
12. And why there is a pap for Soma ; — whatever
glory, Agni, the giver, gives him, therein he now
finally establishes him ; and whatever work he, the
glorious, wishes to do, that he is able to do. Thus
he thereby attains glory, — thinking, ' May I be con-
secrated, endowed with glory ! ' for the inglorious
one has no concern with success. A brown bull is
1 See V, 1, 3, 9.
V KANDA, 2 ADHYAYA, 5 BRAHMAiVA, 1 6. 57
the fee for this (offering) ; for such a brown one is of Somas nature.
1 3. And on the following day he prepares a cake
on twelve potsherds for (Agni) Vaisvanara, and a
barley pap for Varu^a. These two offerings he
performs either on days following one another, or
so as to use the same barhis *.
14. And as to why there is that (cake) for Vaisva-
nara ; — VaLsvanara (' belonging to all men ') truly is
the year, and Pra^apati is the year; and Pra^apati
indeed thereby created abundance and creatures,
thinking, * May I be consecrated, having created
abundance and creatures ! ' And in like manner does
that (king) thereby create abundance and creatures,
thinking, ' May I be consecrated, having created
abundance and creatures ! '
15. And why it is one on twelve potsherds; —
twelve months there are in the year, and Vaisvanara
is the year : this is why it is one on twelve pot-
sherds.
16. And as to why there is a barley pap for
Varu/za ; he thereby frees the creatures from every
snare of Varu/za, from all that comes from Vanma 2 ;
1 That is to say, he is either to perform the Vai^vanara on one, and the Varu^a one on the next — in which case a different barhis, or altar-covering of sacrificial grass, would be needed — or he may perform them both on one and the same day, with the same barhis serving for both.
2 See III, 8, 5, 10 where I translated, ' from all (guilt) against VaniTza;' varuwya, doubtless, implies both the guilt incurred by the infringement of Varuwa's sacred laws, and the punishment in- flicted by him. As regards the ' swearing by Varurca (?) ' there referred to, see JRik S. X, 97, 16 where the conjurer mutters: ' May they (the plants) free me from the (evil) resulting from the curse and from Varu»a ;'— - mu^antu ma ^apathyad atho varuwyad uta.
58 SATAPATHA-BRAHMAiVA.
and those creatures of his are produced sound and
faultless : ' May I be consecrated for sound and
faultless creatures (or subjects) ! ' he thinks.
1 7. A bull is the fee for the Vai <> vanara (oblation) ;
for VaLrvcinara is the year, and Pra^apati is the year ;
and the bull is the Pra^apati (lord of creatures or
generation) among cows : therefore a bull is the fee
for the VaLsvanara. A black cloth for the Varu;za
(oblation), for what is black belongs to Varu^a. If
he cannot obtain a black one, any kind of cloth will
do : it is by its knots that the cloth belongs to
Varu^a, for the knot is sacred to Varu^a.
Third Adhyaya. First Brahma;va.
1. Having taken up both (the Garhapatya and
Ahavaniya) fires on the two kindling-sticks1, he
goes to the house of the Commander of the
army, and prepares a cake on eight potsherds for
Agni Anikavat ; for Agni is the head (anika) of the
gods, and the commander is the head of the army :
hence for Agni Anikavat. And he, the commander,
assuredly is one of his (the king's) jewels2 : it is for
1 Each of the two ' arams ' is held for a moment to one of the two fires, which are thereby supposed to become inherent in them till they are ' churned out' again for the new offering fire required. For this ' mounting* of the fire see part i, p. 396.
2 Ratna, jewel, precious thing; whence the eleven offerings described in this section are called ratna-havis, or ratnina/7/ havitfzshi ; the recipients of these sacrificial honours, on the part of the newTly-consecrated king, being called ratnina/^, ' possessed of the Jewel (offering)/ — In the ritual of the Black Ya^us (Taitt. S. I, 8, 9 ; Taitt. Br. I, 7, 3) the order of the Ratnina^, at whose houses these oblations are performed on successive days, is as follows: — 1. Brahman priest (a pap to Br/haspati) ; 2. Ra^anya (a cake of eleven kapalas to Indra) ; 3. Consecrated Queen (pap to
V KAiVDA, 3 ADHYAYA, I BRAHMA2VA, 3. 59
him that he is thereby consecrated (or quickened),
and him he makes his own faithful (follower). The
sacrificial fee for this (jewel-offering) consists in
gold ; for Agni's is that sacrifice, and gold is Agni's
seed : therefore the sacrificial fee consists in gold.
2. And on the following day, he goes to the house
of the Purohita (the king's court chaplain), and
prepares a pap for Brzhaspati; for Brzhaspati is
the Purohita of the gods, and that (court chaplain) is
the Purohita (' praepositus ') of that (king) : hence it
is for Brzhaspati. And he, the Purohita, assuredly
is one of his (the kings) jewels : it is for him that he
is thereby consecrated, and him he makes his own
faithful follower. The sacrificial fee for this is a white-
backed bullock ; for to Brzhaspati belongs that upper
region, and there above lies that path of Aryaman
(the sun) x : therefore the fee for the Barhaspatya
(oblation) is a white-backed (bullock).
3. And on the following day he prepares a cake
on eleven potsherds for Indra at the dwelling of him
who is being consecrated (the king); for Indra is the
Kshatra (ruling power), and he who is consecrated is
Aditi) ; 4. The king's favourite wife (pap to Bhaga) ; 5. A discarded wife (pap to Nirnfti); 6. Commander of the army (cake of eight kap. to Agni); 7. Suta (charioteer, Say. — cake often kap. to Varcwa); 8. Grama/21 (cake of seven kap. to Maruts) ; 9. Kshattrs" (chamber- lain, or superintendent of seraglio, Say. — cake of twelve kap. to Savitn); 10. Sa/Tzgrahitrz (treasurer, Say. — cake of two kap. to Ajvins); 11. Bhagadugha (collector of taxes, Say. — pap to Pu- shan) ; 12. Akshavapa (dyutakara, superintendent of gambling, Say. — gavidhuka pap to Rudra). — Finally the king offers in his own house two cake-oblations (of eleven kapalas) to Indra Sutra- man (the good protector) and Indra Awhomu/£ (the deliverer from trouble).
1 Whence the back of that upper region is white, or bright.
60 SATAPATHA-BRAHMAiVA.
the Kshatra : hence it is for Indra. The sacrificial
fee for this is a bull, for the bull is Indra's own
(animal).
4. And on the following day, he goes to the dwell-
ing of the Queen, and prepares a pap for Aditi ; for
Aditi is this Earth, and she is the wife of the gods ;
and that (queen) is the wife of that (king) : hence it
is for Aditi. And she, the Queen, assuredly is one
of his (the kings) jewels : it is for her that he is
thereby consecrated, and he makes her his own
faithful (wife). The sacrificial fee, on her part, is a
milch cow; for this (earth) is, as it were, a milch
cow : she yields to men all their desires ; and the
milch cow is a mother, and this (earth) is, as it were,
a mother : she bears (or sustains) men. Hence the
fee is a milch cow.
5. And on the following day, he goes to the house
of the Suta (court-minstrel and chronicler), and
prepares a barley pap for Varu^a ; for the Siita is
a spiriter (sava), and Varu^a is the spiriter of the
gods : therefore it is for Varu/za. And he, the Suta,
assuredly is one of his (the kings) jewels : it is for
him that he is thereby consecrated ; and him he makes
his own faithful (follower). The sacrificial fee for
this one is a horse, for the horse is Varu/za's own.
6. And on the following day, he goes to the house of the Headman (Grama^i1), and prepares a cake
1 The exact function of this officer is not clearly denned. Though the term is also used of an ordinary village headman (Patel, Adhi- karin, Adigar), this could hardly apply here. Saya«a, on one pas- sage, indeed explains the term by ' Gramazrc nayati/ but elsewhere he explains it by 'GramaraaV/z neta;' and some such meaning it may perhaps have here, — the head of communal administration, either for a district (like one of Manu's lords of a hundred, or a
V Kanda, 3 Adhyaya, I Brahma2va, 8. 6 1
on seven potsherds for the Maruts ; for the Maruts
are the peasants, and the headman is a peasant :
therefore it is for the Maruts. And he, the head-
man, assuredly is one of his (the king's) jewels : it is
for him that he is thereby consecrated, and him he
makes his own faithful follower. The sacrificial fee
for this (jewel) is a spotted bullock, for in such a
spotted bullock there is abundance of colours ; and
the Maruts are the clans (or peasants), and the clan
means abundance ; therefore the sacrificial fee is a
spotted bullock.
7. And on the following day he goes to the house
of the Chamberlain (kshattrz), and prepares a cake
on either twelve, or eight, potsherds for Savitrz ; for
SavitW is the impeller (prasavitrz ) of the gods, and
the chamberlain is an impeller : hence it is for
Savitrz. And he, the chamberlain, assuredly is one
of his (the kings) jewels : it is for him that he thereby
is consecrated, and him he makes his own faithful
(follower). The sacrificial fee for this (jewel) is a
reddish-white draught-bullock ; for Savitrz is he that
burns yonder, and he (the sun) indeed moves along ;
and the draught-bullock also moves along, when
yoked. And as to why it is a reddish-white one ; —
reddish-white indeed is he (the sun) both in rising
and in setting : therefore the sacrificial fee is a
reddish-white draught-bullock,
8. And on the following day he goes to the house
thousand villages), or for the whole country. If, however, the head- man of a single village be intended (as the coupling of the office with the Maruts might lead one to suppose), he would probably be a hereditary territorial proprietor residing near the place where the inauguration ceremony takes place. Cf. V, 4, 4, 18 ; and Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, p. 171.
62 DATAPATH A-BRAHMAiVA.
of the Charioteer (sawgrahitrz), and prepares a
cake on two potsherds for the Asvins ; for the two
A^rvins are of the same womb ; and so are the chariot
fighter 1 and the driver (sarathi) of the same womb
(standing-place), since they stand on one and the same
chariot : hence it is for the A^vins. And he, the
charioteer, assuredly is one of his (the kings) jewels :
it is for him that he is thereby consecrated, and him
he makes his own faithful follower. The sacrificial
fee for this (jewel) is a pair of twin bullocks, for such
twin bullocks are of the same womb. If he cannot
obtain twins, two bullocks produced by successive
births (of the same cow) may also form the sacrificial
fee, for such also are of the same womb.