Verbatim tri. (with extensive paraphrase here especially necessary owing to the meagreness of the text.) (Laus vobis Gathae sacrae!) [Per] benefico[-cum Suum] Spiritu[-tum et per] Optima[-mam Suam] Mente[-tem in sanctis Suis vivam et in omne bonum efficacem], (b) ex Sanctitate, [i. e. vi Suae legis spiritalis*], per facto[-tum sanctum a Suis fidelibus plene per- actum, et per] verboque[-bum verum et benignum a Suis’ sanctis dictum (omnino** quum in vita quotidiana tum in ceremoniis ritus, i. e in hymnis diligenter et religiose recitatis, etc.), per haec facta verbaque fidelium Su- orum (¢) Ahura] huic™! [Suo sancto cultori praemia vitae coelestis merenti] dans (sic videtur*(?)) erit*, ([vel et fortasse melius ‘dent [dabunt (dain*? III pl.’ Ahura una cum Bona Mente, Sanctitate, etc. (beneficis Immortalibus hoc loco suis nominibus ex consulto nominatis (vide infra)), dabit A. (vel ‘dabunt’ Ahura et hi alii Immortales]) Salubritates-duas [idioma simpliciter loco verbi ‘Sal-tem’, hoc est, res florentes omnino et summatim putatas quod ad corpus, quod ad mentem, etc. pertineat, et] Immortalitates-duas [idioma sim- pliciter loco verbi ‘Immortalitatem’, hoc est, vitam in incolumitate et in longinquitate productam hac et ill4c] Mazda [et alii Immortales ea duo dona beata (i.e. Salubritatem et Immortalitatem) dent (vel ‘dabunt’) per] Potestate [-tem regalem et divinam Suam in civitate sacra, etc. et per] Pietate[-tem in nos a Se inspiratam], Ahura [haec dona duo beata det vel dabit Dominus,
vel ‘Deus-Vivus’]. *! Vel fortasse ‘nobis [Suis sanctis]’. *? sunt qui dan sensu infin. accus., vertant.
XLVIU. 1, 275a
Yasna XLVI. 1
The Anthem ‘Bounteous Spirit’.
Free tr. By Thy blest Spirit moved and Mind the Better Through Holiness revealed in words and actions
Immortal Weal to us* Ahura, giveth
Mazda through Power* and Devotion master.
yehabind’? Haurvadad vatt Amerédad [!2 mozd avd anshitdadnd] (d) zak i Atharmazd'3+t khidayih™ pavan btindak mfnishnth.
*See P. ? DJ. om. *D. ins, *DJ. lak. *D. °néd. *DJ., D., M., rai. 7D. ins. va. *D. ins. °DJ. om. * DJ., D. yehaband. 'D. ins, 1? DJ., D. om. va. DJ. has i; DJ., D. om. va. ' DJ. khtidat.
Pahl. transl., etc. Praise to You, O holy Gathas! From the Bountiful spirituality and the excellent (or ‘best’) thought, [since that which has come from the bountiful spirit is thoroughly performed by me, and that which has not come from him (or ‘it’) is not at all regarded by me}, (b) and from* that which és the deed and word of Aharayih, [that is, it is according to my pious action that the deed is done, and it is according to my pious speech that the word is spoken], (c, d) and thus, from that spirit, etc., He who és Atharmazd has given us [his own ddessings] Haurvadad and Amerddad [as a reward to ws men] through the perfect-mindedness (sic) of His sovereign authority. (Mere translation as ordinary Pahlavi is wholly misleading.)
Ner.’s sansk. text. Namo yushmabhyaib, Gathah punydtmanyahl. (a) Mahat- tarat* adrigyatvat* utkrishtatarachcha manasah [yat* praptam asti asmabhyaih kyitarh; yat* na? praptam asti, tan (na) raayé Alokitam], (b) samcelishtat* punyena’, karmanaccha, vachasag cha [karmane sadvyAparine* asmakarh kri- tari vachasecha saddcharine* asmakam uktath], (c) asmabhyari [svadhinebhyo manushyebhyah*] dadau Avirdadam, [udakam], Amirdadarh, [vanaspatirh], (d)Ma- hajhaninah* rajya4ya sampirnamanasa Svami. + Sentence not in OC, 2 J. om. * supplied; J.°, J.4, C., P. om. (NB. Sandhi is only intermittingly applied, and Sanskrit of every period occurs as used with unusual application.)
Ner. trl., etc. Praise to you, ye sacred Gathas. (a) From the Greater (greatest) Spirit and from the more (most) excellent Mind, [what has reached us from these is fulfilled by me, and what has not reached us thus has not been observed by me], (b) and from our action and speech each united with sanctity, [for good actions our deeds are done, and for beneficial speech our words are uttered], (c) from and on account of this Spirit, words, and actions (see line a) the Lord has given to us [men] Avirdida [water] and Amirddda [the tree], to us as belonging* (?) to Him (or better here, ‘to us as having (i, e. ‘to have’) them in possession’), (d) for His Kingdom as that of the
276 XLVII, 2.
Great Wise One and by means of the perfect mind (or ‘of the perfect- minded-one’). ; Parsi-persian Ms. trit. Niyayishn 4n Shuma Gath(h)a 7 asho! (a) Az afztini Minti*
6E4y2Qr4 Lp ee NeEO ro too po2ia eG -WIIQVN 2, Text. Lessing” ay ~age aprgorrwly od{g dau > AUD SIQY
Verbatim trl. (with paraphrase). Hjus [vel Sui(?)] Spiritus. Benigni™ optimum, [i. e. summum bonum omnino efficiat Dominus, vel sanctus civis*? a Domino inspiratus et incitatus, i. e. res secundiores summatim hac et illac efficiat Dominus (quum ad animam sanctitate complendam tum ad prosperitatem sacrae agri-culturae et rerum domesticarum servandam et augendam, etc.) (b) per sacra verba doctrinae (de rebus promissis et de man- datis)| ex-lingua dictis[-cta] Bonae ex ore nunc** Mentis [in sacra ecclesia, vel in quoquo sancto fideli, vivae et efficacis] (c) Pietatis manibus-duabus [per manus duas Pietatis] facto-Suo [illud summum bonum] efficiat [Dominus, vel servus*? Ejus devotus pro Domino agens]; (a) tali** sapientia [(ad salutem nostram efficiendam tam perspicaci) enim est] ille pater Sanctitatis, [i. e. auctor sanctae legis in animis nostris sitae ipse| Mazda.
“1 Sunt qui ‘sancti’ reddant. *? vide ahmai = ashduné (?) in stropha IV (4) et in V (5). *§ vel lege ‘aonha’. i
1See P. 2 DJ. ins. 7. * so D. * DJ., D. ins. va. * DJ. has frarimo for pavan (a slip). °D. ins. va. 7D. ings. i ®D. ins. 2 ® D. ins, a. %° DJ. ins. 7. + D. om. i. 2 DJ., D. om. va. 1% DJ. ins. 1. +4 D. (?); DJ. has prob. abto.
Pahi. trl., etc. Thus the best gift (or ‘deed’) of* the Bountiful Spirit (gen. by pos.; see also Ner.) he will produce (see line c),: [i. e. the Gathic lore is produced by this means] (b) which zs [that which és speech] udtered through the tongue and mouth by Vohtiman, fi. e. he speaks that which is
Xlvil 2. 277
u pahblfim (sic) minishni*, [kih an rasid éstéd (so) ma-ra bih kard, waA’n 7¢ nah rasid éstéd {] [ra = ra] ma-ra bih[] [nigérend (so) = Pahl. °nd)] %* (b) {] Az Anz Sawab kunishn u gobishn {u kunishn 7 frarini ra am 6 (or ‘f’) guft], (c) mayan* khwéshan dad Khordad u Amerdad [ [] badlah an adamiyan], (d) 4n 7 Hoérmuzd khuda pah pur minishni % (w=y).
Free tri. That gift the best of His most bounteous Spirit By words from tongue of Good Mind muttered
Let Him with hands of Reverence complete
Father of Right* through wisdom Mazda.
Verbatim trl. (with full paraphrase). Ejus Spiritus Tu es ex-eo [ex hac causa] beneficus [creator], (b) Tu qui huic [i.e. in gratiam hujus*! sancti civis nostri (vide ashauné in stropha IV (4) et in s. V (5)) Bovem gaudium effici- entem creabat[-avisti]. (c) Sic ei [Bovi (vel etiam fortasse ‘ei agricolae sancto hanc Bovem colenti’)| cum-pascuo[-is|*? delectabilif-libus] dedisti - [vel dabis, des] Pietatem, [i. e. non solum pascua Bovi Sacrae et opes pecu- arias civi agricolae des, sed cum his donis mundialibus* (sic) Devotionem [in animum nostrum insevisti* (vel ‘inseras’), i.e. Pietatem, scientiam et peritiam rerum spiritalium impertientem] (c) in-eo-tempore-quum [vel simpliciter ‘quo- niam’ haec Bos (vide Y. XXIX, 9., vel etiam et fortasse melius ‘hic sanctus agri- cola’)] cum*Bona [Mente], O Mazda, interrogavit, [i.e. B. Mentem consuluit (vide Y. XLIV, etc.)] (Mente). * Vel fortasse ‘nobis = in gratiam (gratia) nostrum’; fieri pot- est adeo ut ‘Spiritui in gratiam Spiritus hujus=ahmai’ hoc loco intelligatur, etiam si res inter se invicem valde extraneae prima specie videantur Spiritus et Bos. *2ut pascua(?).
Pahl. text translit. 4Zak i Minavad # afztnik? pavan Lak aité, [Ga- sanikih], (b) mtimat! avd! khvéshand Tora i Azt i radih kardar avo! ham tashid, (c) afat aétind avd zak vdstar! rdmishndch dad> pavan bindak min- ishnth, (d) min ham, Atharmazd, pavan zak ? Vohtiman fréz hamptrsakih, [amatash Vohtiman yehabtind® yehevind®, ash kolA maman kardd, pavan ham- puirsakih i Vohiman kardd.| +See P. 2D. ins. i, *D. %k, DJ. %kih. * DJ. ins. i. ° D. yehabiind. © D. ins. yehevind.
Pal. trl. and expl. That* which* belongs* to* the bountiful spirit (gen. by pos., see also Ner. on s. 2), [i. e. the Gathic doctrine] is in (or ‘through’) Thee (b) by whom™t also the Cow Az, the producer of liberality*, was created* for Thine own adherents*, (c) also both pasture and joy were thus given by Thee to that one as* (so possibly, or ‘through’) a perfect-
*0van(?) beers. ee uyyyss5ang) an) xrgropone pagers 4. Text.
*f Yel “5° Lp aay Go poe} Buegeey® "guahang
#2 vel bape "Eeuss Gag “toparyos | “Hep feng Sporumneds cogs sags bas args ey “pe peenste
Xlvii, 3, 4. 279
Free tr. Of this S/est Spirit art Thou thus the bounteous Who him* the Herd joy-making one hast* given** With joyful fields for her grant him*! Devotion Since he* hath counselled with Thy Good Mind, Mazda. (* the faithful saint.) Or (b) Who Herds joy-making hath* for us** created (*i. e. the Spirit created.) (c) With joyful fields for Her grant us* Devotion (d) Since with the Good Mind she hath sought Thy counsel.
mindedness*, (d) since Thou (mtin = amat as often, or ‘man = Thou who ’) also, O Atiharmazd, did’st (so with the gloss) bestow them in continued con- ference with Vohiman [when Vohuman was created by Him, Jor all that was done by Him was done in conference with Vohiman], ({or without gloss (d) ‘since he (min = amat, or min = ‘they were given to him who’), O A,, held continuous conference with Vohtiman]). * Intelligently understanding the 2nd pers. under the third hémtashad(t).
Ner.’s sansk. text. Asau adricyamirtih Tvam asi mahattarah (b) yo ’smabhyarh svadhinebhyah Gar dakshinakarari (*? sic) samasrijat, (c) evar tasya Aharaya anandayacha adah sarhpairnamanasa, (d) yah saziclishtah Utta- masya, Mahajianin, samat* pragnena* Manasah, [yasya Bahmano datto "phat. Samarthar* (?) yat* chakre* sathpracnatayA* Gvahmanasya chakre].
1 J.°, J.4 have chakre na.
Ner. irl., etc. Thou art that greater|-test] spirit, (b) the one who created the Kine, the*producer of gifts for us as belonging* to Thee (or ‘for us as her possessors*’), (c) therefore Thou did’st make provision for her sustenance and her gratification and with a perfect mind, (d) Thow* who as that spirit, O Great Wise One, art alike engaged in conference with the Highest (i. e. ‘the Best’) Mind, [whose Bahmana also was* given for her, for He did everything* (so meaning) which He* did* in conference with Gvahmana].
Parsi-persian Ms. trit. An ¢ minti* ¢ afzini pah Tai hast, [Gasani], (b) kih [] [tan = tdn} [] khwéshin Gav [] ¢ sakhawati kardar [] ham tashid (c) Tu-ra édim an 4n [] [Gav u = —(?).] rémishn ham dad pah pur minishni * (d) kih ham, Hormuzd, pah an 7 Bahman ziyddah* hampursagi, [kiyash Bahman dad bid 6’sh*! har chih kard pah hampursagi ¢ Bahman kard] * *It seems 6’sh (sic) = Pahl. ash as dat., so in v. 5.
Free tr. By that blest spirit curst false foes are wounded
By Mazda’s bounteous one, not thus the saints,
Though feeble men alone here serve the faithful
And foemen* rich in might help sinners on.
Verbat. tri., etc. (Extended paraphrase is again necessary). Ab hoc Spiritu [damnati] multo-, {i. e. acerbissimo-]-supplicio-afficiuntur*[-ientur] sce- lesti-infideles (b) [a] Mazdae [Spiritu] benefico (vel lege ‘°da =, O Mazda’),
280 XLVII. 4.
sed [longe] non ita [se habet res] sancti civis nostri ([vel lege ashavan6 pl.* ‘non sic sancti [cives nostri supplicio-afficientur; sic tamen fiet adversus inimicos nostros in die victoriae-nostrae (ut sequitur); inimici-infideles impedientur et ad postremum die summo delebuntur, (c) etiam si nunc in hoc tempore casus adversi nostri vir]) parvif-vae quidem dignitatis solius, We ‘vir parvarum virium (et tenuis opum) solus’)] (vir) sancto [principi vel ‘civi’ nostro] ad placendum sit, [i. e. promptus ad ei gratum’faciendum in auxilium ejus stet (vel ‘stabit’), (d) sed vir] potens-quidem [in omnibus rebus] ens* [et] magnae- dignitatis ([vel ‘vir magnarum ‘virium’ nunc in hoc tempore imperii sui nefandi stet (vel ‘stabit’ vir dives]) pravus (infidelis) scelesto-infideli [socio suo ad placendum, i. e. ad omnia grata (in auxilium) ei facienda promptus erit].
* Fortasse significat kaséus «-- paraos, ‘quantum ad-rem-minorem [actio sua valeat] vir-sanctus sancto [civi] ad placendum (i. e. ad auxilium gratum ei ferendum. promptus) sit --- ad-rem-majorem tantumdem [vir-infidelis] scelesto-infideli - -”.