^ The first brother and forerunner to Saoshyaw/, the Oshedar mah of later tradition (see above, p. 196, note 2; cf. § 141, note).
' The second brother and forerunner to Saoshya«/, the Oshedar bami of later tradition (ibid. ; cf. § 142, note).
* Saoshyaw/; cf. following paragraph and §§ no, 117.
FARVARdIn YAST. 221
rise up), because as a bodily creature and as a living
creature he will stand against the destruction of the
bodily creatures, to withstand the Dru^ of the two-
footed brood, to withstand the evil done by the
faithful ^
130. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Yima^
the son of Vivangha/z/ ; the valiant Yima, who had
flocks at his wish 2; to stand against the oppression
caused by the Da^vas, against the drought that
destroys pastures, and against death that creeps
unseen *.
131. We worship the Fravashi of the holy
Thraetaona, of the Athwya house ^; to stand against
itch, hot fever, humours, cold fever, and incon-
tinency^ to stand against the evil done by the
Serpent''.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Aoshnara, the son of Pouru-^ira^
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Uzava, the son of Tiimaspa ^.
^ He will suppress both the destructive power of the men of the Dru^ (idolaters and the like) and the errors of INIazdayas- nians (?).
^ See above, p. 25, note 4.
^ Vouru-vathwa; cf. fitudes Iraniennes, II, 182.
* As he made waters and trees undrying, cattle and men undying. ^ See above, p. 61, note i.
* As the inventor of medicine; see Vend. XX, Introd.
'' Disease, being a poison, comes from the Serpent ; see ibid.
« Or ' Aoshnara, full of wisdom ;' cf. Yt. XXIII, 2, and West, Pahlavi Texts, II, 171, note 3.
^ Called in the Shah Namah Zab, son of Tahmasp, who appears to have been a son of Nodar (Bund. XXXI, 23).
YA5TS AND SIRdZAHS.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Aghrae- ratha, the demi-man ^
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Manu5- ^ithra, the son of Airyu^.
132. We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Kavata^;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Aipivanghu ^;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Usadhan^ ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Arshan^ ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Pisanah^;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Byarshan^ ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Syavarshan^ ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Husravah^ ;
Oo'
For the well-shapened Strength ^ for the
Victory made by Ahura, for the crushing Ascendant;
for the righteousness of the law, for the innocence of
* See above, p. 114, note 7 (Yt. IX, 18).
' Airyu, the youngest of the three sons of Thraetaona (see p. 61, note i), was killed by his brothers and avenged by his son Manuj- >^iihra, who succeeded Thraetaona.
» Kavata, Kai Qobad in the Shah Namah, an adoptive son to Uzava, according to Bund. XXXI, 24.
* Kai-Apiveh in the Bundahii' ; he was the son of Kai Qobad.
^ Usadhan, Arshan, Pisanah, and Byarshan were the four sons of Aipivanghu ; they are called in Firdausi Kai Kaus, Kai Arish, Kai Pashin, and Kai Armin. Kai Kaus alone came to the throne.
« Syavakhsh and Khosrav ; see above, p. 64, note i.
^ To become possessed of Strength, Victory, &c., as Husravah did.
Farvardin Vast. 223
the law, for the unconquerable power of the law; for the extermination of the enemies at one stroke ;
134. And for the vigour of health, for the Glory
made by Mazda, for the health of the body, and for
a good, virtuous offspring, wise, chief in assemblies,
bright, and clear-eyed, that frees [their father] from
the pangs [of hell], of good intellect ; and for that
part in the blessed world that falls to wisdom and to
those who do not follow impiety;
135. For a dominion full of splendour, for a
long, long life, and for all boons and remedies ; to
withstand the Yatus and Pairikas, the oppressors,
the blind, and the deaf; to withstand the evil done
by oppressors \
136. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Kere-
saspa 2, the Sama ^, the club-bearer with plaited hair ;
to withstand the dreadful arm and the hordes with
the wide battle array, with the many spears, with the
straight spears, with the spears uplifted, bearing the
spears of havoc; to withstand the dreadful brigand
who works destruction*, the man-slayer who has no
mercy ; to withstand the evil done by the brigand.
137. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Akhrura"', the son of Husravah;
To withstand the wicked one that deceives his
friend and the niggard that causes the destruction
of the world *'.
^ Like Frangrasyan ; cf. p. 64, note i.
2 SeeYt.V,37; XV, 27 ; XIX, 38.
^ Belonging to the Sama family (Yasna IX, 10).
* Like the nine highwaymen killed by Keresaspa, Yt. XIX, 41.
■* Not mentioned in the Shah Namah ; Khosrav was succeeded by a distant relation, Lohrasp.
" An allusion to the lost legend of Akhriira ; see, however, West, Pahlavi Texts, II, 375.
2 24 YA^-TS AND SIROZAHS.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy and gallant Haoshyangha ;
To withstand the Mazainya Daevas and the Va-
renya fiends ; to withstand the evil done by the
Daevas ^.
138. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fra- dhakh^ti, the son of the jar^,
To withstand Aeshma, the fiend of the wounding
spear, and the Daevas that grow through Aeshma ;
to withstand the evil done by Aeshma.
139. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hvovi^
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fr^ni ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Thriti ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Pouru-
/§ista *.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hutaosa^;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Humal
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Zairi/^i.
* See Yt. V, 21-23.
^ Khumbya, one of the immortals in ZTivaniratha ; he resides in the Pe^yansai plain : * he is Z^z^embya for this reason, because they brought him up in a /ivemh (jar) for fear of Khashm' (Bund. XXIX, 5). He answers pretty well to the Agastya and Vasish//5a of the Vedic legend (see Ormazd et Ahriman, § 177).
^ One of the three wives of Zarathui'tra, the daughter of Frasha- OJtra ; she is the supposed mother of Saoshya;;/ and his brothers (see p. 195, note 2).
* The three daughters of Zarathu^-tra and sisters to Isa^vastar (see p. 204, note i).
^ Vutaspa's wife; see Yt. IX, 26, and XVII, 46,
* Vi^taspa's daughter, Humai, in the Shah Namah.
Farvardin Vast. 22 5
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vispa- taurvashi.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Ui"tavaiti.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Tuiria- maiti.
140. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frt'ni, the wife of Usenemah ^ ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fr^^ni, the wife of the son of Frayaza?zta ^ ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fr^ni, the wife of the son of Khshoiwraspa ^ ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fr^ni, the wife of Gayadhasti *.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asabani, the wife of Pourudhakh^ti ^.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Ukhsh- yei;«ti, the wife of Staotar-Vahi^tahe-Ashyehe ^.
141. We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid Vadh{i^.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid 6^aghrudh.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid Franghadh.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid Urii- dhayawA
We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid Pa6- sanghanu.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy //z^aredhi.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hu/^ithra.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Kanuka.
^ See § 113. ^ Of Frmah or Caro-vanghu, § 113.
3 Of Khshathro-z^inah, § 112. * See § n 2.
"^ See§in. « Ibid.
226 Ya5ts and Sirozahs
We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid SrutaZ-fedhri \
142. We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid Vanghu-fedhri " ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid
Ereda^fedhrl^, who is called Vispa-taurvairi. She is
Vispa-taurvairi (the all-destroying) because she will
bring him forth, who will destroy the malice of
Daevas and men, to withstand the evil done by
the 6*ahi*.
143. We worship the Fravashis of the holy men in the Aryan countries ;
We worship the Fravashis of the holy women in the Aryan countries.
We worship the Fravashis of the holy men in the Turanian countries^;
We worship the Fravashis of the holy women in the Turanian countries.
We worship the Fravashis of the holy men in the Sairimyan countries*';
^ UkhshyaZ-ereta's mother (see above, § 126); the Saddar Bun- dahij (Etudes Iraniennes, II, 209) calls her Bad, from the last part of her name (fedhri for padhri), and states that, bathing in Lake Kasava, she will become pregnant from the seed of Zara- thuj-tra, that is preserved there (see above, p. 195, note 2), and she will bring forth a son, Oshedar bamt.
^ UkhshyaZ-nemah's mother, called Vah Bad in the Saddar ; she will conceive in the same way as SrutaZ-fedhri.
^ Saoshya«/s mother.
* Cf. Vend. XIX, 5, and Introd. IV, 39-40.
^ Gogojasp (a commentator to the Avesta) says, ' There are holy men in all religions, as appears from the words tuiryanam d^/ivyunam [We worship the Fravashis of the holy men in the Turanian countries],' (Pahl. Comm. ad Vend. Ill, end; and Vend. V, 38 [122]); cf. above, §§ 113, 123.
* The countries inherited by Sairima (Selm), the third son of
FARVARDIN YA5T. 22;
We worship the Fravashis of the holy women in the Sairimyan countries.
144. We worship the Fravashis of the holy men in the Saini countries^;
We worship the Fravashis of the holy women in the Saini countries.
We worship the Fravashis of the holy men in the Dahi countries^;
We worship the Fravashis of the holy women in the Dahi countries.
We worship the Fravashis of the holy men in all countries ;
We worship the Fravashis of the holy women in all countries.
145. We worship all the good, awful, beneficent
Fravashis of the faithful, from Gaya Maretan down
to the victorious Saoshyaw/^ May the Fravashis of
the faithful come quickly to us ! May they come to
our help !
146. They protect us when in distress with
manifest assistance, with the assistance of Ahura
Mazda and of the holy, powerful Sraosha, and with
the Mathra-Spe;^ta, the all-knowing, who hates the
Daevas with a mighty hate, a friend of Ahura
Mazda, whom Zarathui-tra worshipped so greatly in
the material world.
147. May the good waters and the plants and
ThraStaona, as Turan and Iran were inherited by Tfira and Airyu. Selm's heritage was RCim, that is to say, Europa and Western Asia.
1 China (Bund. XV, 29).
2 Perhaps the Dahae (Pliny VI, 17; Aeneis VIII, 728) or Aam (Slrabo), called Ta-hia by Chinese geographers, on the south of the Oxus.
^ From the first man to the last.
2 28 YASTS AND SIROZAHS.
the Fravashis of the faithful abide down here ! May
you be rejoiced and well received in this house !
Here are the Athravans of the countries \ thinking
of good holiness. Our hands are lifted up for
asking help, and for offering a sacrifice unto you,
O most beneficent Fravashis !
148. We worship the Fravashis of all the holy
men and holy women whose souls are worthy of sa-
crifice ^, whose Fravashis are worthy of invocation.
We worship the Fravashis of all the holy men
and holy women, our sacrificing to whom makes us
good in the eyes of Ahura Mazda : of all of those we
have heard that Zarathu^tra is the first and best, as a
follower of Ahura and as a performer of the law.
149. We worship the spirit, conscience, percep-
tion, soul, and Fravashi ^ of men of the primitive
law ^ of the first who listened to the teaching (of
Ahura), holy men and holy women, who struggled
for holiness^; we worship the spirit, conscience, per-
ception, soul, and Fravashi of our next-of-kin, holy
men and holy women, who struggled for holiness^.
150. We worship the men of the primitive law
who will be in these houses, boroughs, towns, and
countries ;
We worship the men of the primitive law who
have been in these houses, boroughs, towns, and
countries ;
We worship the men of the primitive law who are in these houses, boroughs, towns, and countries.
151. We worship the men of the primitive law
* Itinerant priests are received here.
2 Doubtful. ^ Cf. p. 198, note i.
* The Paoiryo-Zkaejas ; see p. 180, note i.
* For the triumph of the Zoroastrian law.
FARVARDiN YA^-T. 229
in all houses, boroughs, towns, and countries, who
obtained these houses, who obtained these boroughs,
who obtained these towns, who obtained these coun-
tries, who obtained holiness, who obtained the Mathra,
who obtained the [blessedness of the] soul, who ob-
tained all the perfections of goodness.
152. We worship Zarathu^tra, the lord and
master of all the material world, the man of the
primitive law ; the wisest of all beings, the best-
ruling of all beings, the brightest of all beings, the
most glorious of all beings, the most worthy of
sacrifice amongst all beings, the most worthy of
prayer amongst all beings, the most worthy of pro-
pitiation amongst all beings, the most worthy of
glorification amongst all beings, whom we call
well-desired and worthy of sacrifice and prayer as
much as any being can be, in the perfection of his
holiness,