^ Material lord and spiritual master. .
^ The reciter of the Ashem Vohft.
' Cf.Vend. XIX, 46 [143]. " See Sirozah I, 9, note.
FARVARDIN YAST.
We worship the piety and Fravashi of Maidhyo-
m^ungha, the son of Arasti ^, who first Hstened unto
the word and teaching of Zarathu^tra.
96. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asmo- hv2.VLV2Jit ^ ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asan- hv2inv2.nt.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Gavayan.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Parsha^*- ^aws ^, the son of Frata ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vohvasti, the son of Snaoya ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Isva/, the son of Varaza.
97. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Saena,
the son of Ahum-stu^f ^ who first appeared upon this
earth with a hundred pupils ^
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fradhi- daya.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Usmanara, the son of Paeshata.
^ Maidhyo-m^ungha was the cousin and first disciple of Zara- thujtra ; Zarathujtra's father, Pourushaspa, and Arasti were brothers (Bund. XXXII, 3); cf. Yasna LI [L], 19.
'^ Cf. p. 33, note 2; Yt. XXII, 37.
' Another Parj-a/-gauj is mentioned § 126.
* Possibly, ' the holy falcon, praiser of the lord ; ' thus the Law was brought to the Var of Yima by the bird Karxipta (Vend. II, 42), who recites the Avesta in the language of birds (Bund. XIX, 16): the Saena-bird (Simurgh) became in later literature a mythical incarnation of Supreme wisdom (see the Mantik uttair and Dabistan I, 55).
^ Who was the first regular teacher, the first aethrapaiti.
204 YA5TS AND siROZAHS.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vohu- raoi-ah, the son of Fr^nya ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asho- rao/^ah, the son of Frdnya ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Varesmo- rao/^-ah, the son of Franya.
98. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Isa/- vastra, the son of Zarathu^tra ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Urvata/- nara, the son of Zarathiutra ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy //z^are- iithra, the son of Zarathu^tra ^
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Daevo- Ih'is, the son of Takhma.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Thrimith- wa;2/, the son of Spitama I
We worship the Fravashi of the holy D(2ungha, the son of Zairita.
99. We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Vktaspa^; the gallant one, who was the incarnate
^ ' By Zaratiut were begotten three sons and three daughters ; one son was Isa</vastar, one Aurvata^-nar, and one Khurshet/- -^ihar; as Isaa'vastar was chief of the priests he became the Mobad of Mobads, and passed away in the hundredth year of the religion ; Aurvatac^-nar was an agriculturist, and the chief of the enclosure formed by Yim, which is below the earth (see Vend. II, 43 [141]); Khurshe^-y^ihar was a warrior, commander of the army of Peshyotanu, son of Vijtasp (see Yt. XXIV, 4), and dwells in Kangdes ; and of the three daughters the name of one was Fren, of one Srit, and of one P6ru/{'ist (see Yt. XIII, 139). A6rvata^-nar and Khurshea'-y^ihar were from a serving (/takar) wife, the rest were from a privileged (pa^akhshah) wife ' (Bund. XXXII, 5-6 ; tr. West).
^ According to Anquetil, ' the threefold seed of Spitama Zara- thuj-tra;' cf. above, § 62.
* The king of Bactra, the champion of Zoroastrism ; cf. Yt. V, 98, 108.
Farvardin Yast. 205
Word, the mighty-speared, and lordly one ; who,
driving the Dru^ ^ before him, sought wide room for
the holy religion; who, driving the Dru^^ before
him, made wide room for the holy religion, who
made himself the arm and support of this law of
Ahura, of this law of Zarathui-tra.
I oo. Who took her ^, standing bound ^, from the
hands of the Hunus'^, and established her to sit in
the middle [of the world], high ruling, never falling
back, holy, nourished with plenty of cattle and pas-
tures, blessed with plenty of cattle and pastures ^
loi. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Zairi- vairi ^ ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Yukhta- vairi ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Sriraokh-. shan ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Keresaokh- shan ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vanara ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Varaza ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Bto^i- sravah ^ ;
^ Dru^a paurva«-^a, possibly, ' with the spear pushed forwards' (reading dru-^a),
2 Daena, the religion. s Cf. Yt. 11, 15.
* A generic name of the people called elsewhere Varedhakas (Yt. IX, 31 ; XVII, 51) or ZTz^yaonas (ibid, and XIX, 87). The Hunus have been compared with the Hunni ; but it is not certain that this is a proper name ; it may be a disparaging denomination, meaning the brood (hunu=:Sansk. slinu ; cf. Yt. X, 113).
^ Zarir, the brother of Vutaspa and son of Aurva/-aspa (see Yt. V, 1 1 2). The ten following seem to be the names of the other sons of Aurva/-aspa (Bund. XXXI, 29).
* Possibly the same with Pat-Khosrav, a brother to Vi.rtaspa in the Ya^kar-i Zariran, as Mr. West informs me.
206 YA^TS AND SIROZAHS.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Berezy- ar^ti ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Ti^yar^ti ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Perethu- ar>rti ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vi^yar^ti.
1 02. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Naptya ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Va-^aspa ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Habaspa.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vistauru \ the son of Naotara.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fra^-ham- vareta ^ ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frasho- kareta.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- vanu ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- pata;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- data;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- -^ithra ;
^ Gustahm, the son of Nodar ; see Yt. V, 76. Strangely enough, Tusa is not mentioned here, unless he is the same with one of the preceding names : possibly the words ' the son of Naotara ' (Nao- tairyana) refer to all the four.
" Possibly Frashidvard ij^s^J (misspelt from a Pahlavi form Fra^anvard ?»J)>»oo^e' (?) ; the Ya<fkar-i Zariran, as Mr. West informs me, has <f>')»oo^e) and 'J'o^'oo^fi')- Frashidvard was a son of Guj- tasp : he was killed by one of Ar^asp's heroes and avenged by his brother Isfendyar (Speilto-data). The following names would belong to his brothers : most of them contain the word Atar, in honour of the newly-adopted worship of fire.
Farvardin Vast. 207
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- ^z'arenah ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- savah ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- za;2tu ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- danghii.
103. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hiukyaothna ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Pi^k- yaothna ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy and gallant Spe;^t6-d^ta ^.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Basta- vairi ^ ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Kava- razem ^
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frasha- oi'tra *, the son of Hvova ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Camaspa ^, the son of Hvova ;
^ Isfendyar, the heroic son of Gujtasp, killed by Rustem.
^ In the YadkdT-l Zariran, according to Mr. West, Bastvar, the son of Zairivairi, whose death he avenges on his murderer Vidraf^. This makes Bastavairi identical with the Nastur^::^ of Firdausi (read Bastur j>.".>^>).
^ Kavarazem is the Gurezm of later tradition (-];.j)> 'the jealous brother of Isfendyar, whom he slandered to his father and caused to be thrown into prison' (Burhan qati'h). Firdausi (IV, 432) has only that he was a relation to Gii^tasp : ]j^.^^li^S"i.^ ^x.^ iy, ;_/jjJ*- ^^^ Etudes Iraniennes, II, 230.
* Who gave his daughter, Hvovi, in marriage to Zarathujtra (YasnaL [XLIX], 4, 17).
» See Yt. V, 68.
208 YA5TS AND SIROZAHS.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Avara- o^tri \
104. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hui-kyaothna, the son of Frashao-rtra ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy //"z^adaena, the son of Frashao^tra.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hang- haurv(^ungh, the son of 6^amaspa ^;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vareshna, the son of Hanghaurv^ungh.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vohu- nemah, the son of Avaraoi"tri,
To withstand evil dreams, to withstand evil
visions, to withstand evil . . . .^ to withstand the
evil Pairikas.
105. We worship the Fravashi of the holy
Mathravaka, the son of Simae^'i, the Aethrapati,
the Hamidhpati *, who was able to smite down
most of the evil, unfaithful Ashemaoghas, that
shout the hymns ^, and acknowledge no lord and no
master '', the dreadful ones whose Fravashis are
to be broken'^; to withstand the evil done by the
faithful «.
^ Another brother to Frashao^tra (?).
^ The son of Gamasp in the Shah Namah is called Girami and
Garamik-kard? in the Ya^ar-i Zariran.
^ ? Aoiwra.
* Aethrapati, in Parsi herbad, a priest, whose special function is to teach ; his pupils were called aethrya. Aethrapati meant literally 'the master of the hearth' (cf. herkodah, fire-temple). Hamidhpati is literally 'the master of the sacrificial log.'
^ Doubtful.
* No temporal lord (ahu) and no spiritual master (ratu). ' Doubtful (avas^asta-fravashinam).
* The evil done by Zoroastrians. This Mathravaka (' Proclaimer
Farvardin Yast. 209
io6. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asha- stu, the son of Maidhyo-m^ungha ^
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Avare- thrabah, the son of Rastare-vagha??/.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Bu^ra, the son of Dazgaraspa.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Zbaurva;^/ ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy and gallant
Karesna -, the son of Zbaurva;/^^ ; who was the incar-
nate Word, mighty-speared and lordly ;
107. In whose house did walk the good, beau-
tiful, shining Ashi Vanguhi, in the shape of a maid
fair of body, most strong, tall-formed, high-up girded,
pure, nobly born of a glorious seed ^ ; who, rushing
to the battle, knew how to make room for himself
with his ow^n arms ; who, rushing to the battle, knew
how to fight the foe with his own arms *.
108. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Viraspa, the son of Karesna ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Azata, the son of Karesna :
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frayaodha, the son of Karesna.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy and good
Arshya ; Arshya, the chief in assemblies, the most
energetic of the worshippers of Mazda.
of the Holy Word') was apparently a great doctor and confounder of heresies.
^ See above, § 95.
^ Possibly the eponym of that great Karen family, which played so great a part in the history of the Sassanian times, and traced its origin to the time of Gujtasp (Noeldeke, Geschichte der Perser zur Zeit der Sasaniden, p. 437).
' Cf. Yt. V, 64. * a. Yt. XIIT, 99.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Daraya/- ratha ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fraya/- ratha ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Skaraya^ ratha.
T09. We worship the Fravashi of the holy
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vyarjva;^/; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Paityar^-
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Amru^
We worship the Fravashi of the holy iTamru \
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Dratha ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Paiti- dratha ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Paiti- vangha.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frasha- vakhsha.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Nemo- vanghu, the son of Vaedhayangha.
no. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Visadha.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asha- vanghu, the son of Biva;/dangha ^ ;
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Gdivb- danghu, the son of Pairii-tira ^ ;
^ Amru and ^amru are apparently the two mythical birds men- tioned above under the names of Sin-amru (the Amru-falcon) and A^amroi- (p. 173, note i).
2 Mr. West compares Ashavanghu, the son of Bivawdangha, and G^arodanghu, the son of Pairi^-tira, with the two high-priests of the Karshvares of Arezahi and Savahi, whose names are, in the
Farvardin Yast. 2 I I
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Nere- myazdana, the son of Athwyoza.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Bereziiriu, the son of Ara ;
We worship the Fravashi of the hoty Kasupatu, the son of Ara.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frya.